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- Title
Reaction kinetic and thermodynamics studies for in-situ transesterification of wet microalgae paste to biodiesel.
- Authors
Nguyen, Thanh Tien; Lam, Man Kee; Cheng, Yoke Wang; Uemura, Yoshimitsu; Mansor, Nurlidia; Lim, Jun Wei; Show, Pau Loke; Tan, Inn Shi; Lim, Steven
- Abstract
[Display omitted] • In-situ transesterification of dry/wet microalgae (Chlorella vulgaris) was studied. • Biodiesel production from wet microalgae suffered from negative effect of water. • High biodiesel yields (>90 wt.%) was attained at 60 °C within just 25–35 min. • The reaction followed the overall first reaction order (with respect to esterifiable lipids). • The reaction is endothermic and non-spontaneous with decreased system randomness. In-situ transesterification of wet microalgae is one of the emerging methods to produce biodiesel as this approach exclude energy-intensive steps (e.g. drying and lipid extraction) through process merging. Nevertheless, studies related to reaction kinetics and thermodynamic of such process are still limited in the literature while this information are necessary for process design and intensification. Thus, the present study was aimed to evaluate the reaction kinetics and thermodynamics of in-situ transesterification of wet Chlorella vulgaris. It was found that the fatty acid esters (FAE) yield was increased with reaction time and temperature due to gradual conversion of esterifiable lipids to FAE and higher kinetic energy of reactants. In-situ transesterification of C. vulgaris at 60 °C resulted high FAE yields (>90 wt.%) within a short reaction duration (25–35 min). The in-situ transesterification of C. vulgaris was found to follow first order of overall reaction (with respect to esterifiable lipids) and attained activation energy (E A) of 50.4–60.4 kJ/mol. In addition, the in-situ transesterification of wet C. vulgaris is an endothermic (ΔH = 50.4–60.4 kJ/mol) and non-spontaneous (ΔG = 87.7–88.4 kJ/mol) reaction that decreased the randomness of reaction system (ΔS = −0.082 to −0.114 kJ/mol K).
- Subjects
TRANSESTERIFICATION; THERMODYNAMICS; ENDOTHERMIC reactions; BASE catalysts; CHLORELLA vulgaris; FATTY acid esters
- Publication
Chemical Engineering Research & Design: Transactions of the Institution of Chemical Engineers Part A, 2021, Vol 169, p250
- ISSN
0263-8762
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1016/j.cherd.2021.03.021