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- Title
Perchlorate and thiocyanate exposure and thyroid function in first-trimester pregnant women.
- Authors
Pearce, Elizabeth N; Lazarus, John H; Smyth, Peter P A; He, Xuemei; Dall'amico, Daniela; Parkes, Arthur B; Burns, Robert; Smith, Derek F; Maina, Aldo; Bestwick, Jonathan P; Jooman, Mohammed; Leung, Angela M; Braverman, Lewis E
- Abstract
<bold>Context: </bold>Thyroid hormone, requiring adequate maternal iodine intake, is critical for fetal neurodevelopment. Perchlorate decreases thyroidal iodine uptake by competitively inhibiting the sodium/iodide symporter. It is unclear whether environmental perchlorate exposure adversely affects thyroid function in pregnant women. Thiocyanate, derived from foods and cigarette smoke, is a less potent competitive sodium/iodide symporter inhibitor than perchlorate.<bold>Objective: </bold>Our objective was to determine whether environmental perchlorate and/or thiocyanate exposure is associated with alterations in thyroid function in pregnancy.<bold>Design and Setting: </bold>We conducted a cross-sectional study at health centers in Cardiff, Wales, and Turin, Italy.<bold>Patients: </bold>During 2002-2006, 22,000 women at less than 16 wk gestation were enrolled in the Controlled Antenatal Thyroid Screening Study. Subsets of 261 hypothyroid/hypothyroxinemic and 526 euthyroid women from Turin and 374 hypothyroid/hypothyroxinemic and 480 euthyroid women from Cardiff were selected based on availability of stored urine samples and thyroid function data.<bold>Main Outcome Measures: </bold>Urinary iodine, thiocyanate, and perchlorate and serum TSH, free T(4) (FT(4)), and thyroperoxidase antibody were measured.<bold>Results: </bold>Urinary iodine was low: median 98 microg/liter in Cardiff and 52 microg/liter in Turin. Urine perchlorate was detectable in all women. The median (range) urinary perchlorate concentration was 5 microg/liter (0.04-168 microg/liter) in Turin and 2 microg/liter (0.02-368 microg/liter) in Cardiff. There were no associations between urine perchlorate concentrations and serum TSH or FT(4) in the individual euthyroid or hypothyroid/hypothyroxinemic cohorts. In multivariable linear analyses, log perchlorate was not a predictor of serum FT(4) or TSH.<bold>Conclusions: </bold>Low-level perchlorate exposure is ubiquitous but did not affect thyroid function in this cohort of iodine-deficient pregnant women.
- Publication
Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism, 2010, Vol 95, Issue 7, p3207
- ISSN
0021-972X
- Publication type
journal article
- DOI
10.1210/jc.2010-0014