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- Title
Effect of Metal-resistant PGPB on the Metal Uptake, Antioxidative Defense, Physiology, and Growth of Atriplex lentiformis (Torr.) S.Wats. in Soil Contaminated with Cadmium and Nickel.
- Authors
Kumar, Harsh; Ishtiyaq, Shumailah; Favas, Paulo J. C.; Varun, Mayank; Paul, Manoj S.
- Abstract
Atriplex lentiformis is a halophytic plant species used for desalination and phytoremediation. The plant tolerates abiotic constraints, such as salinity, drought, and toxic metals. It is also used as a fodder for domestic animals. It grows luxuriantly at 100–400-mM NaCl concentrations without any toxic symptoms. In the present investigation effects of biological amendments—PGPB (Plant growth-promoting bacteria—Bradyrhizobium japonicum—NCIM5350 and Pseudomonas fluorescens—NCIM2100), organic manure (OM), and chemical amendment—Ethylene Diamine Tetra Acetic acid (EDTA) on Atriplex lentiformis were explored in cadmium- and nickel-contaminated soil. Heavy metal resistance and plant growth-promoting traits of PGPB were also analyzed. Augmentation with a combination of both PGPB and OM, A. lentiformis displayed maximum uptake of Ni (45.67 mg kg−1 in roots; 24.68 mg kg−1 in shoots) and Cd (14.15 mg kg−1 in roots; 7.19 mg kg−1 in shoots). Highest Ni uptake in shoots was observed under the EDTA amendment (25.33 mg kg−1). Metal uptake by A. lentiformis under NCIM2100 was greater than NCIM5350 for both Cd and Ni (10.57 and 43.87 mg kg−1). Among all the amendments highest metal uptake was recorded under bio-organic treatments (PGPB1 + PGPB2 + OM) for both Cd and Ni (14.15 and 45.67 mg kg−1), respectively. The results showed that this association has significantly improved the plant height, biomass, chlorophyll, MDA (Malondialdehyde) content, and the activity of antioxidative enzymes (CAT, APX, and SOD) which exhibited a positive correlation with metal uptake at 1% level of significance and the potency of synergistic impact of microbial consortium, while EDTA reduced the growth of the plant. Metal uptake under EDTA was also much lower than biological amendments. Higher metal values in roots establishes A. lentiformis as a phytostabilizer thus indicating its suitability as a safer forage. Biological amendments-based phytoremediation holds great promise and could be used in future to give further impetus to the antioxidative defense, phytoremedial potential, and growth of this and other important forage plants.
- Subjects
ATRIPLEX; ETHYLENEDIAMINE; METALS; SOIL amendments; FORAGE plants; PSEUDOMONAS fluorescens; HEAVY metals; CADMIUM
- Publication
Journal of Plant Growth Regulation, 2023, Vol 42, Issue 6, p3868
- ISSN
0721-7595
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1007/s00344-022-10853-5