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- Title
Challenging the Pleiotropic Effects of Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation in Geriatric Depression: A Multimodal Case Series Study.
- Authors
Nicoletti, Vincenzo G.; Fisicaro, Francesco; Aguglia, Eugenio; Bella, Rita; Calcagno, Damiano; Cantone, Mariagiovanna; Concerto, Carmen; Ferri, Raffaele; Mineo, Ludovico; Pennisi, Giovanni; Ricceri, Riccardo; Rodolico, Alessandro; Saitta, Giulia; Torrisi, Giulia; Lanza, Giuseppe; Pennisi, Manuela
- Abstract
Background: Although the antidepressant potential of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS), the pleiotropic effects in geriatric depression (GD) are poorly investigated. We tested rTMS on depression, cognitive performance, growth/neurotrophic factors, cerebral blood flow (CBF) to transcranial Doppler sonography (TCD), and motor-evoked potentials (MEPs) to TMS in GD. Methods: In this case series study, six drug-resistant subjects (median age 68.0 years) underwent MEPs at baseline and after 3 weeks of 10 Hz rTMS on the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex. The percentage change of serum nerve growth factor, vascular endothelial growth factor, brain-derived growth factor, insulin-like growth factor-1, and angiogenin was obtained. Assessments were performed at baseline, and at the end of rTMS; psychocognitive tests were also repeated after 1, 3, and 6 months. Results: Chronic cerebrovascular disease was evident in five patients. No adverse/undesirable effect was reported. An improvement in mood was observed after rTMS but not at follow-up. Electrophysiological data to TMS remained unchanged, except for an increase in the right median MEP amplitude. TCD and neurotrophic/growth factors did not change. Conclusions: We were unable to detect a relevant impact of high-frequency rTMS on mood, cognition, cortical microcircuits, neurotrophic/growth factors, and CBF. Cerebrovascular disease and exposure to multiple pharmacological treatments might have contributed.
- Subjects
TRANSCRANIAL magnetic stimulation; VASCULAR endothelial growth factors; TRANSCRANIAL Doppler ultrasonography; NERVE growth factor; EVOKED potentials (Electrophysiology)
- Publication
Biomedicines, 2023, Vol 11, Issue 3, p958
- ISSN
2227-9059
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.3390/biomedicines11030958