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- Title
Passive detection of COVID-19 with wearable sensors and explainable machine learning algorithms.
- Authors
Gadaleta, Matteo; Radin, Jennifer M.; Baca-Motes, Katie; Ramos, Edward; Kheterpal, Vik; Topol, Eric J.; Steinhubl, Steven R.; Quer, Giorgio
- Abstract
Individual smartwatch or fitness band sensor data in the setting of COVID-19 has shown promise to identify symptomatic and pre-symptomatic infection or the need for hospitalization, correlations between peripheral temperature and self-reported fever, and an association between changes in heart-rate-variability and infection. In our study, a total of 38,911 individuals (61% female, 15% over 65) have been enrolled between March 25, 2020 and April 3, 2021, with 1118 reported testing positive and 7032 negative for COVID-19 by nasopharyngeal PCR swab test. We propose an explainable gradient boosting prediction model based on decision trees for the detection of COVID-19 infection that can adapt to the absence of self-reported symptoms and to the available sensor data, and that can explain the importance of each feature and the post-test-behavior for the individuals. We tested it in a cohort of symptomatic individuals who exhibited an AUC of 0.83 [0.81–0.85], or AUC = 0.78 [0.75–0.80] when considering only data before the test date, outperforming state-of-the-art algorithm in these conditions. The analysis of all individuals (including asymptomatic and pre-symptomatic) when self-reported symptoms were excluded provided an AUC of 0.78 [0.76–0.79], or AUC of 0.70 [0.69–0.72] when considering only data before the test date. Extending the use of predictive algorithms for detection of COVID-19 infection based only on passively monitored data from any device, we showed that it is possible to scale up this platform and apply the algorithm in other settings where self-reported symptoms can not be collected.
- Subjects
WEARABLE technology; COVID-19; MACHINE learning; DECISION trees; BOOSTING algorithms; SYMPTOMS; ALGORITHMS
- Publication
NPJ Digital Medicine, 2021, Vol 4, Issue 1, p1
- ISSN
2398-6352
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1038/s41746-021-00533-1