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- Title
Proteolytic and Structural Changes in Rye and Triticale Roots under Aluminum Stress.
- Authors
Szewińska, Joanna; Różańska, Elżbieta; Papierowska, Ewa; Labudda, Mateusz
- Abstract
Proteolysis and structural adjustments are significant for defense against heavy metals. The purpose of this study was to evaluate whether the Al3+ stress alters protease activity and the anatomy of cereale roots. Azocaseinolytic and gelatinolytic measurements, transcript-level analysis of phytocystatins, and observations under microscopes were performed on the roots of Al3+-tolerant rye and tolerant and sensitive triticales exposed to Al3+. In rye and triticales, the azocaseinolytic activity was higher in treated roots. The gelatinolytic activity in the roots of rye was enhanced between 12 and 24 h in treated roots, and decreased at 48 h. The gelatinolytic activity in treated roots of tolerant triticale was the highest at 24 h and the lowest at 12 h, whereas in treated roots of sensitive triticale it was lowest at 12 h but was enhanced at 24 and 48 h. These changes were accompanied by increased transcript levels of phytocystatins in rye and triticale-treated roots. Light microscope analysis of rye roots revealed disintegration of rhizodermis in treated roots at 48 h and indicated the involvement of root border cells in rye defense against Al3+. The ultrastructural analysis showed vacuoles containing electron-dense precipitates. We postulate that proteolytic-antiproteolytic balance and structural acclimation reinforce the fine-tuning to Al3+.
- Subjects
TRITICALE; RYE; ALUMINUM; MICROSCOPES; HEAVY metals; ALUMINUM composites
- Publication
Cells (2073-4409), 2021, Vol 10, Issue 11, p3046
- ISSN
2073-4409
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.3390/cells10113046