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- Title
Human endogenous retroviruses and the inflammatory response: A vicious circle associated with health and illness.
- Authors
Coelho Rangel, Sara; Damasceno da Silva, Michelly; Lopes da Silva, Amanda; Batista dos Santos, Juliana de Melo; Melo Neves, Lucas; Pedrosa, Ana; Monteiro Rodrigues, Fernanda; dos Santos Trettel, Caio; Eustáquio Furtado, Guilherme; Paes de Barros, Marcelo; Lacerda Bachi, André Luis; Malta Romano, Camila; Da Silva Nali, Luiz Henrique
- Abstract
Human Endogenous Retroviruses (HERVs) are derived from ancient exogenous retroviral infections that have infected our ancestors' germline cells, underwent endogenization process, and were passed throughout the generations by retrotransposition and hereditary transmission. HERVs comprise 8% of the human genome and are critical for several physiological activities. Yet, HERVs reactivation is involved in pathological process as cancer and autoimmune diseases. In this review, we summarize the multiple aspects of HERVs' role within the human genome, as well as virological and molecular aspects, and their fusogenic property. We also discuss possibilities of how the HERVs are possibly transactivated and participate in modulating the inflammatory response in health conditions. An update on their role in several autoimmune, inflammatory, and aging-related diseases is also presented.
- Subjects
HUMAN endogenous retroviruses; INFLAMMATION; RETROVIRUS diseases; HUMAN genome; AUTOIMMUNE diseases; AUTOIMMUNITY; TRANSPOSITION of great vessels
- Publication
Frontiers in Immunology, 2022, Vol 13, p1
- ISSN
1664-3224
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.3389/fimmu.2022.1057791