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- Title
Effects of animal protein intake during pregnancy on autoimmune thyroiditis in pregnant women with mild iodine deficiency.
- Authors
Wang, Zhengyuan; Shen, Jiaying; Song, Qi; Cui, Xueying; Shi, Zehuan; Su, Jin; Zang, Jiajie
- Abstract
Background: Iodine and animal protein may affect thyroid function. In the present study, we explored the association between animal protein intake and thyroid antibody status in pregnant women following universal salt iodisation. Methods: Pregnant women were enrolled using a multistage, stratified random sampling method in Shanghai. In total, 4646 eligible women were interviewed in person. We used a validated food frequency questionnaire and food composition tables to calculate the daily intakes of protein and iodine. We collected urine samples and performed thyroid antibody tests. Results: Positive thyrotropin receptor antibody (TR‐Ab) rates were different among animal protein intake groups (p < 0.05). Median urinary iodine concentration (UIC) was higher in the thyroid peroxidase antibody (TPO‐Ab) positive group than in the negative group (p < 0.05). The median of total protein intake, animal protein intake and UIC was higher in the TR‐Ab positive group than in the negative group (p < 0.05). The median of total protein intake and UIC was higher in the TPO‐Ab/TG‐Ab/TR‐Ab positive group than in the negative group (p < 0.05). Multivariable logistic regression results showed that insufficient iodine had a negative correlation with positive TPO‐Ab and positive TR‐Ab (p < 0.05). The middle third and top third animal protein intakes served as protective factors for TR‐Ab (coefficient = 0.559, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.415–0.752, p < 0.001; coefficient = 0.0.406, 95% CI = 0.266–0.621, p < 0.001) and positive TPO‐Ab/TR‐Ab/TG‐Ab (coefficient = 0.817, 95% CI = 0.687–0.971, p = 0.022; coefficient = 0.805, 95% CI = 0.672–0.964, p = 0.018). Conclusions: Adequate animal protein intake protects against elevated anti‐thyroid antibody levels in pregnant women with mild iodine deficiency. Keypoints: This is the first large sample study to examine the association between animal protein intake and thyroid antibodies among pregnant women in Shanghai.Adequate animal protein intake was found to be a protective factor for TR‐Ab and TPO‐Ab/TR‐Ab/TG‐Ab positivity.Other factors including educational levels and mental work could also affect the thyroid antibody positivity.
- Subjects
CHINA; AUTOIMMUNE thyroiditis; THYROTROPIN; CONFIDENCE intervals; MULTIPLE regression analysis; PREGNANT women; INTERVIEWING; FOOD animals; RANDOMIZED controlled trials; QUESTIONNAIRES; STATISTICAL sampling; STATISTICAL correlation; DIETARY proteins; IODINE deficiency; IODINE
- Publication
Journal of Human Nutrition & Dietetics, 2022, Vol 35, Issue 3, p542
- ISSN
0952-3871
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1111/jhn.12954