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- Title
Human gnathostomiasis: a neglected food-borne zoonosis.
- Authors
Liu, Guo-Hua; Sun, Miao-Miao; Elsheikha, Hany M.; Fu, Yi-Tian; Sugiyama, Hiromu; Ando, Katsuhiko; Sohn, Woon-Mok; Zhu, Xing-Quan; Yao, Chaoqun
- Abstract
Background: Human gnathostomiasis is a food-borne zoonosis. Its etiological agents are the third-stage larvae of Gnathostoma spp. Human gnathostomiasis is often reported in developing countries, but it is also an emerging disease in developed countries in non-endemic areas. The recent surge in cases of human gnathostomiasis is mainly due to the increasing consumption of raw freshwater fish, amphibians, and reptiles. Methods: This article reviews the literature on Gnathostoma spp. and the disease that these parasites cause in humans. We review the literature on the life cycle and pathogenesis of these parasites, the clinical features, epidemiology, diagnosis, treatment, control, and new molecular findings on human gnathostomiasis, and social-ecological factors related to the transmission of this disease. Conclusions: The information presented provides an impetus for studying the parasite biology and host immunity. It is urgently needed to develop a quick and sensitive diagnosis and to develop an effective regimen for the management and control of human gnathostomiasis.
- Subjects
PARASITE life cycles; CLINICAL epidemiology; ZOONOSES; CONSUMPTION (Economics); HOSTS (Biology); BEARINGS (Machinery); INFECTIOUS disease transmission
- Publication
Parasites & Vectors, 2020, Vol 13, Issue 1, p1
- ISSN
1756-3305
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1186/s13071-020-04494-4