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- Title
Preinfection Neutralizing Antibodies, Omicron BA.5 Breakthrough Infection, and Long COVID: A Propensity Score-Matched Analysis.
- Authors
Yamamoto, Shohei; Matsuda, Kouki; Maeda, Kenji; Horii, Kumi; Okudera, Kaori; Oshiro, Yusuke; Inamura, Natsumi; Nemoto, Takashi; Takeuchi, Junko S; Li, Yunfei; Konishi, Maki; Tsuchiya, Kiyoto; Gatanaga, Hiroyuki; Oka, Shinichi; Mizoue, Tetsuya; Sugiyama, Haruhito; Aoyanagi, Nobuyoshi; Mitsuya, Hiroaki; Sugiura, Wataru; Ohmagari, Norio
- Abstract
Background Data are limited on the role of preinfection humoral immunity protection against Omicron BA.5 infection and long coronavirus disease (COVID) development. Methods We conducted nested case-control analysis among tertiary hospital staff in Tokyo who donated blood samples in June 2022 (1 month before Omicron BA.5 wave), approximately 6 months after receiving a third dose of COVID-19 mRNA vaccine. We measured live virus-neutralizing antibody titers against wild type and Omicron BA.5, and anti–receptor-binding domain (RBD) antibody titers at preinfection, and compared them between cases and propensity-matched controls. Among the breakthrough cases, we examined association between preinfection antibody titers and incidence of long COVID. Results Preinfection anti-RBD and neutralizing antibody titers were lower in cases than controls. Neutralizing titers against wild type and Omicron BA.5 were 64% (95% confidence interval [CI], 42%–77%) and 72% (95% CI, 53%–83%) lower, respectively, in cases than controls. Individuals with previous Omicron BA.1/BA.2 infections were more frequent among controls than cases (10.3% vs 0.8%), and their Omicron BA.5 neutralizing titers were 12.8-fold higher than infection-naive individuals. Among cases, preinfection antibody titers were not associated with incidence of long COVID. Conclusions Preinfection immunogenicity against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) may play a role in protecting against the Omicron BA.5 infection but not preventing long COVID.
- Subjects
SARS-CoV-2; POST-acute COVID-19 syndrome; BREAKTHROUGH infections; SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant; CORONAVIRUS diseases; COVID-19
- Publication
Journal of Infectious Diseases, 2023, Vol 228, Issue 12, p1652
- ISSN
0022-1899
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1093/infdis/jiad317