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- Title
Landscape of DNA Methylation on the Marsupial X.
- Authors
Waters, Shafagh A; Livernois, Alexandra M; Patel, Hardip; O'Meally, Denis; Craig, Jeff M; Graves, Jennifer A Marshall; Suter, Catherine M; Waters, Paul D
- Abstract
DNA methylation plays a key role in maintaining transcriptional silence on the inactive X chromosome of eutherian mammals. Beyond eutherians, there are limited genome wide data on DNA methylation from other vertebrates. Previous studies of X borne genes in variousmarsupial models revealed no differential DNAmethylation of promoters between the sexes, leading to the conclusion that CpG methylation plays no role in marsupial X-inactivation. Using reduced representation bisulfite sequencing, we generatedmale and female CpGmethylation profiles in four representative vertebrates (mouse, gray short-tailed opossum, platypus, and chicken). A variety of DNA methylation patterns were observed. Platypus and chicken displayed no large-scale differential DNA methylation between the sexes on the autosomes or the sex chromosomes. As expected, a metagene analysis revealed hypermethylation at transcription start sites (TSS) of genes subject to X-inactivation in female mice. This contrasted with the opossum, in which metagene analysis did not detect differential DNA methylation between the sexes at TSSs of genes subject to X-inactivation. However, regions flanking TSSs of these genes were hypomethylated. Our data are the first to demonstrate that, for genes subject to X-inactivation in both eutherian and marsupial mammals, there is a consistent difference between DNA methylation levels at TSSs and immediate flanking regions, which we propose has a silencing effect in both groups.
- Publication
Molecular Biology & Evolution, 2018, Vol 35, Issue 2, p431
- ISSN
0737-4038
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1093/molbev/msx297