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- Title
Effect of Mannheimia haemolytica pneumonia on behavior and physiologic responses of calves during high ambient environmental temperatures.
- Authors
Theurer, M. E.; Anderson, D. E.; White, B. J.; Miesner, M. D.; Mosier, D. A.; Coetzee, J. F.; Lakritz, J.; Amrine, D. E.
- Abstract
The objective of this study was to deter-mine the effect of pneumonia during conditions of high (maximum > 32°C) ambient temperatures on physi-ological and behavioral responses of calves. Eighteen black beef heifers averaging 240 kg were blocked by BW and randomly assigned to 1 of 2 treatment groups: 1 ) pneumonia induced by bronchoselective endoscop-ic inoculation with Mannheimia haemolytica (MH; n -- 10) and 2) noninoculated controls (CN; n = 8). Nasal passage and rectal temperatures were measured every 2 h for 24 h after challenge and then twice daily for 9 d. Accelerometers, pedometers, and positioning devices monitored cattle behavior within the pen for 9 d after challenge. Blood samples were collected on trial d 0, 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 7, and 9 and were analyzed to determine the concentration of substance P, Cortisol, haptoglobin, and metalloproteinase. All calves in the MH group were euthanized and necropsied on trial d 9. All MH calves became clinically ill postchal-lenge. A treatment x time interaction (P < 0.05) was evident for nasal and rectal temperatures, behavior, weight, and blood analysis. Rectal temperatures in MH were higher (P <0.01) than CN during the peri-od from 6 to 24 h after challenge. Conversely, nasal passage temperatures were less in MH calves com-pared with CN at 12 to 22 h after challenge. Calves in MH spent less time at the grain bunk, less time at the hay feeder, and more time lying down during the early pneumonia period compared with CN calves. Also, MH calves had significantly greater concentra-tions of blood biomarkers of pain (substance P) on d 0.5 (P < 0.01); stress (Cortisol) on d 0.5 and 1 (P < 0.01); haptoglobin on d 0.5, 1, 2, 3, 7 (P < 0.01); and metalloproteinase on d 1, 2, and 3 (P < 0.01) com-pared with CN calves. At necropsy, all MH calves had right cranioventral bronchopneumonia (median lung lesions = 6.8%). Mannheimia haemolytica pneumo-nia caused significantly more changes in behavior and increased biomarkers during high (maximum >32°C) ambient temperatures compared with control calves. The results of this study may guide research in the development of objective assessment tools for man-agement of cattle affected with bovine respiratory disease during extreme summer conditions.
- Subjects
MANNHEIMIA haemolytica; PNEUMONIA in animals; CALVES; CALF physiology; BLOOD testing; HEIFERS; ANIMAL behavior
- Publication
Journal of Animal Science, 2013, Vol 91, Issue 8, p3917
- ISSN
0021-8812
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.2527/jas.2012-5823