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- Title
Tenuazonic acid from Stemphylium loti inhibits the plant plasma membrane H<sup>+</sup>‐ATPase by a mechanism involving the C‐terminal regulatory domain.
- Authors
Bjørk, Peter K.; Rasmussen, Silas A.; Gjetting, Sisse K.; Havshøi, Nanna W.; Petersen, Thomas Isbrandt; Ipsen, Johan Ø.; Larsen, Thomas O.; Fuglsang, Anja T.
- Abstract
Summary: Pathogenic fungi often target the plant plasma membrane (PM) H+‐ATPase during infection. To identify pathogenic compounds targeting plant H+‐ATPases, we screened extracts from 10 Stemphylium species for their effect on H+‐ATPase activity.We identified Stemphylium loti extracts as potential H+‐ATPase inhibitors, and through chemical separation and analysis, tenuazonic acid (TeA) as a potent H+‐ATPase inhibitor. By assaying ATP hydrolysis and H+ pumping, we confirmed TeA as a H+‐ATPase inhibitor both in vitro and in vivo. To visualize in planta inhibition of the H+‐ATPase, we treated pH‐sensing Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings with TeA and quantified apoplastic alkalization.TeA affected both ATPase hydrolysis and H+ pumping, supporting a direct effect on the H+‐ATPase. We demonstrated apoplastic alkalization of A. thaliana seedlings after short‐term TeA treatment, indicating that TeA effectively inhibits plant PM H+‐ATPase in planta. TeA‐induced inhibition was highly dependent on the regulatory C‐terminal domain of the plant H+‐ATPase.Stemphylium loti is a phytopathogenic fungus. Inhibiting the plant PM H+‐ATPase results in membrane potential depolarization and eventually necrosis. The corresponding fungal H+‐ATPase, PMA1, is less affected by TeA when comparing native preparations. Fungi are thus able to target an essential plant enzyme without causing self‐toxicity.
- Subjects
PLANT plasma membranes; ADENOSINE triphosphatase; PLANT enzymes; TEA growing; MEMBRANE potential; PATHOGENIC fungi; ARABIDOPSIS thaliana; PHYTOPATHOGENIC fungi
- Publication
New Phytologist, 2020, Vol 226, Issue 3, p770
- ISSN
0028-646X
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1111/nph.16398