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- Title
Immune response in histoplasmosis.
- Authors
Mirshafiey, Abbas; Darabi, Nahid
- Abstract
Elements that are key in the innate response include dendritic cells, neutrophils, and macrophages. Several cytokines of the innate system are crucial for the generation of a protective immune response. interleukin-12 is essential in the generation of IFN-γ and consequently the Th1 response. TNF-α and GM-CSF are also key cytokines in the generation of a protective immune response. IFN-γ, TNF-α, and GM-CSF regulate the immune system in part by inducing the production of nitric oxide, a necessary molecule in the elimination of the fungus during primary infection. In addition, GM-CSF also appears to regulate the production of IFN-γ and TNF-α. IL-4 and IL-10 both appear to inhibit full expression of a robust Th1 response in the innate immune system. In the adaptive immune response CD4 + T cells are the dominant mediators of resistance in primary infection although CD8 + cells do contribute to the expression of an optimal protective response, activation of an effective T cell-mediated immune response most likely requires upregulation in IFN-γ, TNF-α, and GM-CSF but not IL-4, IL-10, or CD40L. In this review, our aims is to clarify the mechanism of immune response in histoplasmosis.
- Subjects
IMMUNE response; HISTOPLASMOSIS; DENDRITIC cells; NEUTROPHIL immunology; MACROPHAGES; GRANULOCYTE-macrophage colony-stimulating factor; TUMOR necrosis factors; CYTOKINES; IMMUNE system; PHYSIOLOGY
- Publication
Journal of Chinese Clinical Medicine, 2010, Vol 5, Issue 2, p100
- ISSN
1562-9023
- Publication type
Article