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- Title
Siphophage 0105phi7-2 of Bacillus thuringiensis : Novel Propagation, DNA, and Genome-Implied Assembly.
- Authors
Roberts, Samantha M.; Aldis, Miranda; Wright, Elena T.; Gonzales, Cara B.; Lai, Zhao; Weintraub, Susan T.; Hardies, Stephen C.; Serwer, Philip
- Abstract
Diversity of phage propagation, physical properties, and assembly promotes the use of phages in ecological studies and biomedicine. However, observed phage diversity is incomplete. Bacillus thuringiensis siphophage, 0105phi-7-2, first described here, significantly expands known phage diversity, as seen via in-plaque propagation, electron microscopy, whole genome sequencing/annotation, protein mass spectrometry, and native gel electrophoresis (AGE). Average plaque diameter vs. plaque-supporting agarose gel concentration plots reveal unusually steep conversion to large plaques as agarose concentration decreases below 0.2%. These large plaques sometimes have small satellites and are made larger by orthovanadate, an ATPase inhibitor. Phage head–host-cell binding is observed by electron microscopy. We hypothesize that this binding causes plaque size-increase via biofilm evolved, ATP stimulated ride-hitching on motile host cells by temporarily inactive phages. Phage 0105phi7-2 does not propagate in liquid culture. Genomic sequencing/annotation reveals history as temperate phage and distant similarity, in a virion-assembly gene cluster, to prototypical siphophage SPP1 of Bacillus subtilis. Phage 0105phi7-2 is distinct in (1) absence of head-assembly scaffolding via either separate protein or classically sized, head protein-embedded peptide, (2) producing partially condensed, head-expelled DNA, and (3) having a surface relatively poor in AGE-detected net negative charges, which is possibly correlated with observed low murine blood persistence.
- Subjects
BACILLUS thuringiensis; WHOLE genome sequencing; MICROSPACECRAFT; GEL electrophoresis; MASS spectrometry
- Publication
International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 2023, Vol 24, Issue 10, p8941
- ISSN
1661-6596
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.3390/ijms24108941