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- Title
Correlations between SSQ Scores and ECG Data during Virtual Reality Walking by Display Type.
- Authors
Choi, Mi-Hyun; Kang, Kyu-Young; Lee, Tae-Hoon; Choi, Jin-Seung
- Abstract
To encourage the application of virtual reality (VR) in physical rehabilitation, this study analyzed the occurrence of motion sickness when walking on a treadmill in virtual straight paths presented on two types of displays (screen and head-mounted displays (HMDs)) at a constant speed of 3.6 km/h. The simulator sickness questionnaire (SSQ) scores, which indicate motion sickness, were collected from the participants. In addition, the heart rate (HR) and heart rate variability (HRV; RMSSD and LF/HF ratio) were measured from electrocardiogram data. The correlations between the SSQ scores and HR and HRV were examined to identify a reliable variable for evaluating motion sickness. The SSQ scores were used to classify the data into the motion-sickness and no-motion-sickness groups. The data were classified into the motion-sickness group if a minimum difference of 15 points existed between the walking and baseline phases when using the screen and HMD; otherwise, the data were classified into the no-motion-sickness group. The HR and LF/HF ratio were higher, whereas the RMSSD was lower in the motion-sickness group. Moreover, within the motion-sickness group, the reduction in RMSSD and increase in HR and LF/HF ratio were greater with the HMD than with the screen. Regression analysis was performed on the HR, HRV, and SSQ scores to differentiate between the motion-sickness and no-motion-sickness groups. The regression analysis results showed a high negative correlation between the SSQ score and RMSSD. The results of this study can assist in controlling the occurrence of motion sickness in VR-based applications.
- Subjects
HEAD-mounted displays; VIRTUAL reality; HEART beat; SIMULATOR sickness; MOTION sickness; ELECTROCARDIOGRAPHY
- Publication
Applied Sciences (2076-3417), 2024, Vol 14, Issue 5, p2123
- ISSN
2076-3417
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.3390/app14052123