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- Title
Craniofacial morphological characteristics in children with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome.
- Authors
Fiores-Mir, Carlos; Korayem, Mohamed; Heo, Ciseon; Witmans, Manisha; Major, Michael P.; Major, Paul W.
- Abstract
Background. The authors conducted a systematic review to consolidate the current knowledge regarding craniofacial morphological characteristics associated with obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS) in nonsyndromic pediatric patients. Types of Studies Reviewed. The authors included clinical studies in which participants were younger than 18 years, polysoimiography was performed to determine the presence and severity of OSAS and the study group was compared with a control group or normative growth center data. The authors excluded studies with syndi'omic participants or participants who had received orthodontic treatment, orthognathic treatment or both previously. Results. The authors identified nine articles. They conducted a metaanalyses of the data from all but one of the studies to evaluate the eight most common cephalometric variables in children with OSAS. The F values were 79.53 percent for the angle from the basion point to the sella nasion (SN) line, 89.54 percent for the angle between the SN and palatal plane lines and 96.82 percent for the angle between the mandibular plane and SN lines (MP-SN). Therefore, for these thiree variables, the authors conducted a random-effect model meta-analysis. For the remaining five variables (MP-SN, the angle from, SN to A point, the angle from SN to B point [SNBl, the angle from A point to nasion point to B point [ANBl and the angle from articulare point to gonion point to gnathion point), P values were all less than 40 percent, and therefore the authors conducted a fixed-effects model meta-analysis. Tliree of the evaluated cephalometric variables (MP-SN, SNB and ANB) had statistically significant differences in comparision with those in a control group. Although the values of these variables were increased in children with OSAS, results of the meta-analysis should be considered cautiously owing to the hmited number of cephalometric variables included. Practical Implications. Dentists who identify patients with a craniofacial moiphology consistent with pediatric OSAS (retrusive chin, steep mandibular plane, vertical direction of growth and a tendency toward Class II malocclusion) should inquire further into their patients' medical histories. When the craniofacial morphology is accompanied by a history of snoring, inability to breathe through the nose, significant allergies, asthma or obesity, the dentist should refer the patient to an otolaryngologist for assessment.
- Subjects
SLEEP apnea syndromes; CEPHALOMETRY; CONFIDENCE intervals; MEDICAL information storage &; retrieval systems; MEDLINE; META-analysis; ONLINE information services; SYSTEMATIC reviews; POLYSOMNOGRAPHY; DATA analysis software; DESCRIPTIVE statistics; CHILDREN; DIAGNOSIS
- Publication
Journal of the American Dental Association (JADA), 2013, Vol 144, Issue 3, p269
- ISSN
0002-8177
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.14219/jada.archive.2013.0113