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- Title
Steam activation of waste biomass: highly microporous carbon, optimization of bisphenol A, and diuron adsorption by response surface methodology.
- Authors
El Ouahedy, Nadia; Bensitel, Mohammed; Brahmi, Rachid; Zbair, Mohamed; Ainassaari, Kaisu; El Assal, Zouhair; Ojala, Satu; Keiski, Riitta L.
- Abstract
Highly microporous carbons were prepared from argan nut shell (ANS) using steam activation method. The carbons prepared (ANS@H2O-30, ANS@H2O-90, and ANS@H2O-120) were characterized using X-ray diffraction, scanning electron microscopy, Fourier-transform infrared, nitrogen adsorption, total X-ray fluorescence, and temperature-programmed desorption (TPD). The ANS@H2O-120 was found to have a high surface area of 2853 m2/g. The adsorption of bisphenol A and diuron on ANS@H2O-120 was investigated. The isotherm data were fitted using Langmuir and Freundlich models. Langmuir isotherm model presented the best fit to the experimental data suggesting micropore filling of ANS@H2O-120. The ANS@H2O-120 adsorbent demonstrated high monolayer adsorption capacity of 1408 and 1087 mg/g for bisphenol A and diuron, respectively. The efficiency of the adsorption was linked to the porous structure and to the availability of the surface adsorption sites on ANS@H2O-120. Response surface method was used to optimize the removal efficiency of bisphenol A and diuron on ANS@H2O-120 from aqueous solution.ᅟ
- Subjects
ELECTRIC light carbons; CARBON; CHARCOAL; BISPHENOL A; PHENOLS
- Publication
Environmental Science & Pollution Research, 2018, Vol 25, Issue 35, p35657
- ISSN
0944-1344
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1007/s11356-018-3455-3