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- Title
Heavy metal removal using SiO<sub>2</sub>-TiO<sub>2</sub> binary oxide: experimental design approach.
- Authors
Adel Ismail; Ayman El-Midany; Ibrahim Ibrahim; Hideyuki Matsunaga
- Abstract
Abstract  Sorption of Ni2 and Cd2 as heavy metals ions at the interface of the binary oxide TiO2-SiO2 was investigated. In addition, physical properties of TiO2-SiO2 matrices such as BET surface area, X-ray diffraction, and point of zero charge (pHPZC) were measured. Statistical design of experiments was applied to find the conditions of sorption at which the maximum heavy metal removal was achieved. A second order polynomial function was used to correlate the independent variables (pH, metal ion concentration, and shaking time) and response (heavy metal removal). Values of regression parameters were determined by the computer program, Design expert® (Stat-Ease Inc.). The quality of fit of the polynomial model equation was expressed by the regression coefficient R 2. The sorption results showed that the pH is the most significant factor. In turn, the sorbed percentage reached 100% at high initial concentration and long shaking times due to formation of hydroxyl compounds between the ions and TiO2-SiO2 matrices. The results show that there is a Gaussian (normal) distribution of residuals (squared differences between experimentally observed and predicted values from the model), and also that the differences between observed and predicted values are in the range of ±5%. These indicate that experiments were well-conducted and the results have no significant error.
- Subjects
HEAVY metals; OXIDES; ABSORPTION; X-ray diffraction
- Publication
Adsorption, 2008, Vol 14, Issue 1, p21
- ISSN
0929-5607
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1007/s10450-007-9042-4