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- Title
Overexpression of Smad proteins, especially Smad7, in oral epithelial dysplasias.
- Authors
Chen, Yuk-Kwan; Huang, Anderson; Cheng, Pei-Hsun; Yang, Shang-Hsun; Lin, Li-Min
- Abstract
Objective: Transforming growth factor β, via membrane-bound receptors and downstream Smad2-4, 7, can modulate tumorigenesis. Smad2 and Smad3 heterodimerize with Smad4, and the complex migrates to the nucleus to regulate the expression of target genes. Smad7 is a key negative regulator of this signaling pathway. This study aimed to examine Smad2-4, 7 expression and phosphorylated Smad2-3 (p-Smad2-3) in oral epithelial dysplasia and compared it with normal oral mucosa, hyperkeratosis/epithelial hyperplasia and squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Materials and methods: Immunohistochemical staining of Smad2-4, 7 and p-Smad2-3, was performed for 75 samples of human oral mucosa, including hyperkeratosis/epithelial hyperplasia ( n = 20), mild epithelial dysplasia ( n = 11), moderate to severe epithelial dysplasia ( n = 11), and SCC ( n = 43). Normal buccal mucosa samples ( n = 9) were also included. Results: A significant increase in Smad7 expression was observed in the ascending order of samples of normal oral mucosa, hyperkeratosis/epithelial hyperplasia/mild oral epithelial dysplasia, moderate to severe oral epithelial dysplasia, and well-differentiated oral SCC/moderately to poorly differentiated oral SCC. Additionally, significant increases in Smad7 expression were noted as compared with expression of Smad2-4 and p-Smad2-3 in lesions of hyperkeratosis/epithelial hyperplasia, mild oral epithelial dysplasia, moderate to severe oral epithelial dysplasia, well-differentiated oral SCC, and moderately to poorly differentiated oral SCC. Conclusions: Our results indicate that Smad proteins, particularly Smad7, in oral epithelial dysplasia and SCC could contribute to the attenuation of Smads anti-proliferative signaling in cancer development. Clinical relevance: Smad7 could be a marker for risk of malignant transformation of oral epithelial dysplasia.
- Subjects
SMAD proteins; GENE expression; ORAL diseases; EPITHELIAL cells; DYSPLASIA; TRANSFORMING growth factors; CARCINOGENESIS; CELLULAR signal transduction; GENETICS
- Publication
Clinical Oral Investigations, 2013, Vol 17, Issue 3, p921
- ISSN
1432-6981
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1007/s00784-012-0756-7