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- Title
Chirality-Dependent Anti-Inflammatory Effect of Glutathione after Spinal Cord Injury in an Animal Model.
- Authors
Kim, Seong-Jun; Ko, Wan-Kyu; Han, Gong-Ho; Lee, Daye; Lee, Yuhan; Sheen, Seung-Hun; Hong, Je-Beom; Sohn, Seil
- Abstract
Neuroinflammation forms a glial scar following a spinal cord injury (SCI). The injured axon cannot regenerate across the scar, suggesting permanent paraplegia. Molecular chirality can show an entirely different bio-function by means of chiral-specific interaction. In this study, we report that d-chiral glutathione (D-GSH) suppresses the inflammatory response after SCI and leads to axon regeneration of the injured spinal cord to a greater extent than l-chiral glutathione (L-GSH). After SCI, axon regrowth in D-GSH-treated rats was significantly increased compared with that in L-GSH-treated rats (*** p < 0.001). Secondary damage and motor function were significantly improved in D-GSH-treated rats compared with those outcomes in L-GSH-treated rats (** p < 0.01). Moreover, D-GSH significantly decreased pro-inflammatory cytokines and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) via inhibition of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathway compared with L-GSH (*** p < 0.001). In primary cultured macrophages, we found that D-GSH undergoes more intracellular interaction with activated macrophages than L-GSH (*** p < 0.001). These findings reveal a potential new regenerative function of chiral GSH in SCI and suggest that chiral GSH has therapeutic potential as a treatment of other diseases.
- Subjects
AXONS; GLIAL fibrillary acidic protein; SPINAL cord injuries; MITOGEN-activated protein kinases; GLUTATHIONE; RATS
- Publication
Pharmaceuticals (14248247), 2021, Vol 14, Issue 8, p792
- ISSN
1424-8247
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.3390/ph14080792