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- Title
Melatonin inhibits cytosolic mitochondrial DNA-induced neuroinflammatory signaling in accelerated aging and neurodegeneration.
- Authors
Jauhari, Abhishek; Baranov, Sergei V.; Yalikun Suofu; Jinho Kim; Singh, Tanisha; Yablonska, Svitlana; Fang Li; Xiaomin Wang; Oberly, Patrick; Minnigh, M. Beth; Poloyac, Samuel M.; Carlisle, Diane L.; Friedlander, Robert M.; Suofu, Yalikun; Kim, Jinho; Li, Fang; Wang, Xiaomin
- Abstract
Chronic inflammation is a pathologic feature of neurodegeneration and aging; however, the mechanism regulating this process is not understood. Melatonin, an endogenous free radical scavenger synthesized by neuronal mitochondria, decreases with aging and neurodegeneration. We proposed that insufficient melatonin levels impair mitochondrial homeostasis, resulting in mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) release and activation of cytosolic DNA-mediated inflammatory response in neurons. We found increased mitochondrial oxidative stress and decreased mitochondrial membrane potential, with higher mtDNA release in brain and primary cerebro-cortical neurons of melatonin-deficient aralkylamine N-acetyltransferase (AANAT) knockout mice. Cytosolic mtDNA activated the cGAS/STING/IRF3 pathway, stimulating inflammatory cytokine generation. We found that Huntington's disease mice had increased mtDNA release, cGAS activation, and inflammation, all inhibited by exogenous melatonin. Thus, we demonstrated that cytosolic mtDNA activated the inflammatory response in aging and neurodegeneration, a process modulated by melatonin. Furthermore, our data suggest that AANAT knockout mice are a model of accelerated aging.
- Subjects
MITOCHONDRIAL pathology; HUNTINGTON disease; NEURODEGENERATION; MITOCHONDRIAL DNA; FREE radical scavengers; MELATONIN; DNA metabolism; RESEARCH; NEURONS; DNA; ANIMAL experimentation; RESEARCH methodology; EVALUATION research; MEDICAL cooperation; CELLULAR signal transduction; COMPARATIVE studies; RESEARCH funding; MICE
- Publication
Journal of Clinical Investigation, 2020, Vol 130, Issue 6, p3124
- ISSN
0021-9738
- Publication type
journal article
- DOI
10.1172/JCI135026