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- Title
Global, regional prevalence, and risk factors of osteoporosis according to the World Health Organization diagnostic criteria: a systematic review and meta-analysis.
- Authors
Xiao, P.-L.; Cui, A.-Y.; Hsu, C.-J.; Peng, R.; Jiang, N.; Xu, X.-H.; Ma, Y.-G.; Liu, D.; Lu, H.-D.
- Abstract
This systematic review and meta-analysis estimated the global, regional prevalence, and risk factors of osteoporosis. Prevalence varied greatly according to countries (from 4.1% in Netherlands to 52.0% in Turkey) and continents (from 8.0% in Oceania to 26.9% in Africa). Osteoporosis is a common metabolic bone disorder in the elderly, usually resulting in bone pain and an increased risk of fragility fracture, but few summarized studies have guided global strategies for the disease. Therefore, we pooled the epidemiologic data to estimate the global, regional prevalence, and potential risk factors of osteoporosis. We conducted a comprehensive literature search through PubMed, EMBASE, Web of Science, and Scopus, to identify population-based studies that reported the prevalence of osteoporosis based on the World Health Organization (WHO) criteria. Meta-regression and subgroup analyses were used to explore the sources of heterogeneity. The study was registered in the PROSPERO database (CRD42021285555). Of the 57,933 citations evaluated, 108 individual studies containing 343,704 subjects were included. The global prevalence of osteoporosis and osteopenia was 19.7% (95%CI, 18.0%–21.4%) and 40.4% (95%CI, 36.9%–43.8%). Prevalence varied greatly according to countries (from 4.1% in Netherlands to 52.0% in Turkey) and continents (from Oceania 8.0% to 26.9% in Africa). The prevalence was higher in developing countries (22.1%, 95%CI, 20.1%–24.1%) than in developed countries (14.5%, 95%CI, 11.5%–17.7%). Our study indicates a considerable prevalence of osteoporosis among the general population based on WHO criteria, and the prevalence varies substantially between countries and regions. Future studies with robust evidence are required to explore risk factors to provide effective preventive strategies for the disease.
- Subjects
WORLD Health Organization; ONLINE information services; META-analysis; MEDICAL information storage &; retrieval systems; CONFIDENCE intervals; SYSTEMATIC reviews; OSTEOPENIA; POPULATION geography; OSTEOPOROSIS; RISK assessment; PREVENTIVE health services; DISEASE prevalence; DESCRIPTIVE statistics; MEDLINE; BONE fractures; DISEASE risk factors
- Publication
Osteoporosis International, 2022, Vol 33, Issue 10, p2137
- ISSN
0937-941X
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1007/s00198-022-06454-3