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- Title
Interleukin-36α axis is modulated in patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome.
- Authors
Ciccia, F.; Accardo‐Palumbo, A.; Alessandro, R.; Alessandri, C.; Priori, R.; Guggino, G.; Raimondo, S.; Carubbi, F.; Valesini, G.; Giacomelli, R.; Rizzo, A.; Triolo, G.
- Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the expression of the interleukin (IL)-36 axis in patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome (pSS). Blood and minor labial salivary glands (MSG) biopsies were obtained from 35 pSS and 20 non-Sjögren's syndrome patients (nSS) patients. Serum IL-36α was assayed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). IL-36α, IL-36R, IL-36RA, IL-38, IL-22, IL-17, IL-23p19 and expression in MSGs was assessed by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR), and tissue IL-36α and IL-38 expression was also investigated by immunohistochemistry (IHC). αβ and γδ T cells and CD68+ cells isolated from MSGs were also studied by flow cytometry and confocal microscopy analysis. IL-36α was over-expressed significantly in the serum and in the salivary glands of pSS. Salivary gland IL-36α expression was correlated with the expression levels of IL-17, IL-22 and IL-23p19. IL-38, that acts as inhibitor of IL-36α, was also up-regulated in pSS. αβ+ CD3+ T cells and CD68+ cells were the major source of IL-36α in minor salivary glands of pSS. γδ T cells were not significantly expanded in the salivary glands of pSS but produced more IL-17, as their percentage correlated with the focus score. Higher expression of IL-36α and IL-36R was also demonstrated in γδ T cells isolated from pSS compared to controls. In this study we demonstrate that a significant increase in circulating and tissue levels of IL-36α occurs in pSS patients.
- Subjects
INTERLEUKINS; SJOGREN'S syndrome; SALIVARY glands; ENZYME-linked immunosorbent assay; GENE expression; IMMUNOHISTOCHEMISTRY
- Publication
Clinical & Experimental Immunology, 2015, Vol 181, Issue 2, p230
- ISSN
0009-9104
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1111/cei.12644