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- Title
Tracking Progress from Policy Development to Implementation: A Case Study on Adoption of Mandatory Regulation for Nutrition Labelling in Malaysia.
- Authors
Ng, SeeHoe; Kelly, Bridget; Yeatman, Heather; Swinburn, Boyd; Karupaiah, Tilakavati; Wolfson, Julia A.; Shrewsbury, Vanessa A.
- Abstract
Mandatory nutrition labelling, introduced in Malaysia in 2003, received a "medium implementation" rating from public health experts when previously benchmarked against international best practices by our group. The rating prompted this qualitative case study to explore barriers and facilitators during the policy process. Methods incorporated semi-structured interviews supplemented with cited documents and historical mapping of local and international directions up to 2017. Case participants held senior positions in the Federal government (n = 6), food industry (n = 3) and civil society representations (n = 3). Historical mapping revealed that international directions stimulated policy processes in Malaysia but policy inertia caused implementation gaps. Barriers hindering policy processes included lack of resources, governance complexity, lack of monitoring, technical challenges, policy characteristics linked to costing, lack of sustained efforts in policy advocacy, implementer characteristics and/or industry resistance, including corporate political activities (e.g., lobbying, policy substitution). Facilitators to the policy processes were resource maximization, leadership, stakeholder partnerships or support, policy windows and industry engagement or support. Progressing policy implementation required stronger leadership, resources, inter-ministerial coordination, advocacy partnerships and an accountability monitoring system. This study provides insights for national and global policy entrepreneurs when formulating strategies towards fostering healthy food environments.
- Subjects
MALAYSIA; FOOD labeling; FOOD industry; GOVERNMENT regulation; RESEARCH methodology; PRACTICAL politics; LEADERSHIP; STAKEHOLDER analysis; INTERVIEWING; PUBLIC health; HUMAN services programs; QUALITATIVE research; RESPONSIBILITY; CONSUMER activism; GOVERNMENT policy; INTERPROFESSIONAL relations; POLICY sciences; FEDERAL government; LOBBYING
- Publication
Nutrients, 2021, Vol 13, Issue 2, p457
- ISSN
2072-6643
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.3390/nu13020457