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- Title
Lower Sodium Intake and Risk of Headaches: Results From the Trial of Nonpharmacologic Interventions in the Elderly.
- Authors
Liwei Chen; Zhenzhen Zhang; Wen Chen; Whelton, Paul K.; Appel, Lawrence J.
- Abstract
Objectives. To determine the effect of sodium (Na) reduction on occurrence of headaches. Methods. In the Trial of Nonpharmacologic Interventions in the Elderly, 975 men and woman (aged 60-80 years) with hypertension were randomized to a Na-reduction intervention or control group and were followed for up to 36 months. The study was conducted between 1992 and 1995 at 4 clinical centers (Johns Hopkins University, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, and the University of Tennessee). Results. Mean difference in Na excretion between the Na-reduction intervention and control group was significant at each follow-up visit (P < .001) with an average difference of 38.8 millimoles per 24 hours. The occurrence of headaches was significantly lower in the Na-reduction intervention group (10.5%) compared with control (14.3%) with a hazard ratio of 0.59 (95% confidence interval = 0.40, 0.88; P = .009). The risk of headaches was significantly associated with average level of Na excretion during follow-up, independent of most recent blood pressure. The relationship appeared to be nonlinear with a spline relationship and a knot at 150 millimoles per 24 hours. Conclusions. Reduced sodium intake, currently recommended for blood pressure control,may also reduce the occurrence of headaches in older persons with hypertension.
- Subjects
HEALTH of older people; HYPERTENSION; THERAPEUTICS; HEADACHE risk factors; BLOOD pressure; CHI-squared test; CONFIDENCE intervals; DOSE-effect relationship in pharmacology; SODIUM content of food; PHOTOMETRY; PROBABILITY theory; QUESTIONNAIRES; RESEARCH funding; SODIUM; T-test (Statistics); BODY mass index; RANDOMIZED controlled trials; TREATMENT effectiveness; PROPORTIONAL hazards models; DATA analysis software; KAPLAN-Meier estimator; OLD age
- Publication
American Journal of Public Health, 2016, Vol 106, Issue 7, p1270
- ISSN
0090-0036
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.2105/AJPH.2016.303143