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- Title
Histochemical basis of the distinct anatomical features and characterization of primary and secondary metabolites during somatic embryogenesis in Santalum album L.
- Authors
M., Manokari; Mehta, Saurabhkumar R.; S., Priyadharshini; Badhepuri, Mahesh Kumar; K., Jayaprakash; M., Cokul Raj; Shekhawat, Mahipal S.
- Abstract
Key message: The anatomical and histochemical localization at subsequent stages of somatic embryogenesis in Santalum album revealed the direct development of somatic embryos from internode explants. Santalum album L. (Santalaceae) is a vulnerable tree species due to overexploitation for commercial, pharmaceutical and cosmetic industries, which necessitate improving the existing in vitro propagation systems for effective plant production and conservation. To date, there is no report on the histochemical basis of somatic embryogenesis in this species. Hence, this study aimed to induce direct somatic embryos (SEs) from the internode explant and to analyze the developmental anatomy and histochemical features during direct somatic embryogenesis. Somatic embryos were induced on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium with 2.5 mg L−1 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP), 0.5 mg L−1 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA), 50 ml L−1 deproteinized coconut water (CW) and 25 mg L−1 each of myo-inositol, adenine sulphate and l-arginine. Pre-treatment of explants with 50 mg L−1 citric acid and ascorbic acid for 0.5 h at 4 °C, and the addition of CW in the medium, favored high-frequency somatic embryogenesis from internode. The light microscopic analysis revealed the development of embryonic cells, vasculature and primary globular stage to matured dicotyledonous embryos. The contents of lignin, cellulose and starch were low in the embryogenic regions, whereas deposition of phenolic compounds, polyphenols, lipids and polysaccharides were found increased in somatic embryos. Embryos germinated well (98%) and the shoots were proliferated on MS medium supplemented with 1.0 mg L−1 BAP, 0.5 mg L−1 NAA and 50 ml L−1 CW. The well-developed shoots were rooted within four weeks on MS medium containing 1.5 mg L−1 indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) and successfully acclimatized in a greenhouse. The highest (97%) survival success was achieved in the field conditions. Thus, the present work has established a novel protocol for induction of somatic embryogenesis from internode explants complemented with studies of the histo-anatomical developments of the SEs. This could help to understand the embryogenic pathway and represent an alternative way of production plantlets for the conservation of S. album.
- Subjects
SOMATIC embryogenesis; METABOLITES; EMBRYOLOGY; COCONUT water; PLANT conservation; CITRIC acid; PLANT metabolites; PLANT polyphenols
- Publication
Trees: Structure & Function, 2022, Vol 36, Issue 1, p215
- ISSN
0931-1890
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1007/s00468-021-02199-4