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- Title
The mechanisms of oxidative DNA damage and apoptosis induced by norsalsolinol, an endogenous tetrahydroisoquinoline derivative associated with Parkinson’s disease.
- Authors
Kobayashi, Hatasu; Fukuhara, Kiyoshi; Tada-Oikawa, Saeko; Yada, Yuki; Hiraku, Yusuke; Murata, Mariko; Oikawa, Shinji
- Abstract
Tetrahydroisoquinoline (TIQ) derivatives are putative neurotoxins that may contribute to the degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in Parkinson’s disease. One TIQ, norsalsolinol (NorSAL), is present in dopamine-rich areas of human brain, including the substantia nigra. Here, we demonstrate that NorSAL reduces cell viability and induces apoptosis via cytochrome c release and caspase 3 activation in SH-SY5Y human neuroblastoma cells. Cytochrome c release, caspase 3 activation, and apoptosis induction were all inhibited by the antioxidant N-acetylcysteine. Thus, reactive oxygen species (ROS) contribute to apoptosis induced by NorSAL. Treatment with NorSAL also increased levels of oxidative damage to DNA, a stimulus for apoptosis, in SH-SY5Y. To clarify the mechanism of intracellular DNA damage, we examined the DNA damage caused by NorSAL using 32P-5′-end-labeled isolated DNA fragments. NorSAL induced DNA damage in the presence of Cu(II). Catalase and bathocuproine, a Cu(I) chelator, inhibited this DNA damage, suggesting that ROS such as the Cu(I)-hydroperoxo complex derived from the reaction of H2O2 with Cu(I), promote DNA damage by NorSAL. In summary, NorSAL-generated ROS induced oxidative DNA damage, which led to caspase-dependent apoptosis in neuronal cells.
- Subjects
APOPTOSIS; DNA damage; PARKINSON'S disease; REACTIVE oxygen species; DOPAMINERGIC neurons; CYTOCHROMES; NEUROBLASTOMA; NEUROTOXIC agents
- Publication
Journal of Neurochemistry, 2009, Vol 108, Issue 2, p397
- ISSN
0022-3042
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1111/j.1471-4159.2008.05774.x