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- Title
The chemical characteristics of organic iron sources and their relative bioavailabilities for broilers fed a conventional corn-soybean meal diet.
- Authors
Zhang, L. Y.; Lu, L.; Luo, X. G.
- Abstract
Twenty-four organic Fe sources were evaluated by polarographic analysis and via solubility in buffers (pH 5 and 2) and deionized water. Organic Fe sources included 6 Fe-Met complexes (Fe-Met), 10 Fe-Gly complexes, 1 Fe-Lys complex, 4 Fe proteinates, and 3 Fe-AA complexes (Fe-AA). Sources varied considerably in chemical characteristics. Chelation strengths (quotient of formation [Qf] values) ranged from weak (Qf = 1.08) to extremely strong strength (Qf = 8,590). A total of 1,170 1-d-old Arbor Acres male broilers were randomly allotted to 6 replicate cages (15 chicks/cage) for each of 13 treatments in a completely randomized design involving a 4 × 3 factorial arrangement of treatments (4 Fe sources × 3 added Fe levels) plus a control with no added Fe. Dietary treatments included a corn-soybean meal basal diet (control; 55.8 mg Fe/kg) and the basal diet supplemented with 20, 40, or 60 mg Fe/ kg as iron sulfate (FeSO4∙7H2O); an Fe-Met with weak chelation strength (Fe-Met W; Qf = 1.37; 14.7% Fe); an iron proteinate with moderate chelation strength (Fe-Prot M; Qf = 43.6; 14.2% Fe); or an iron proteinate with extremely strong chelation strength (Fe-Prot ES; Qf = 8,590; 10.2% Fe). The growth performance, Fe concentrations, hematological indices, and activities and gene expressions of 2 Fe-containing enzymes in tissues of broilers at 7, 14, and 21 d of age were determined in the present study. Transferrin saturation in plasma on 14 d; bone Fe on d 7 and 14; liver Fe on d 7, 14, and 21; kidney Fe on d 14; succinate dehydrogenase activities in the liver on d 21 and in the kidney on d 7 and 21; catalase mRNA levels in the kidney and heart on d 14; and succinate dehydrogenase mRNA levels in the liver and kidney on d 21 linearly increased (P < 0.05) as added Fe levels increased. However, differences in bioavailabilities among Fe sources were detected (P < 0.05) only for the succinate dehydrogenase mRNA levels in the liver and kidney on d 21. Based on slope ratios from the multiple linear regression of succinate dehydrogenase mRNA level in the liver or kidney of broilers on d 21 on daily dietary analyzed Fe intake, the bioavailabilities of Fe-Met W, Fe-Prot M, and Fe-Prot ES relative to iron sulfate (100%) were 129 (P = 0.18), 164 (P < 0.003), and 174% (P < 0.001) or 102 (P = 0.95), 143 (P = 0.09), and 174% (P < 0.004), respectively. These results indicated that the relative bioavailabilities of organic Fe sources were closely related to their Qf values and organic Fe sources with greater Qf values showed higher Fe bioavailabilities.
- Subjects
IRON; FERRIC pyrophosphate; DEIONIZATION of water; ION exchange (Chemistry); DEHYDROGENASES; OXIDOREDUCTASES; CHELATION
- Publication
Journal of Animal Science, 2016, Vol 94, Issue 6, p2378
- ISSN
0021-8812
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.2527/jas.2016-0297