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- Title
Phylogenetic Structure and Sequential Dominance of Sub-Lineages of PRRSV Type-2 Lineage 1 in the United States.
- Authors
Paploski, Igor A. D.; Pamornchainavakul, Nakarin; Makau, Dennis N.; Rovira, Albert; Corzo, Cesar A.; Schroeder, Declan C.; Cheeran, Maxim C-J.; Doeschl-Wilson, Andrea; Kao, Rowland R.; Lycett, Samantha; VanderWaal, Kimberly
- Abstract
The genetic diversity and frequent emergence of novel genetic variants of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome virus type-2 (PRRSV) hinders control efforts, yet drivers of macro-evolutionary patterns of PRRSV remain poorly documented. Utilizing a comprehensive database of >20,000 orf5 sequences, our objective was to classify variants according to the phylogenetic structure of PRRSV co-circulating in the U.S., quantify evolutionary dynamics of sub-lineage emergence, and describe potential antigenic differences among sub-lineages. We subdivided the most prevalent lineage (Lineage 1, accounting for approximately 60% of available sequences) into eight sub-lineages. Bayesian coalescent SkyGrid models were used to estimate each sub-lineage's effective population size over time. We show that a new sub-lineage emerged every 1 to 4 years and that the time between emergence and peak population size was 4.5 years on average (range: 2–8 years). A pattern of sequential dominance of different sub-lineages was identified, with a new dominant sub-lineage replacing its predecessor approximately every 3 years. Consensus amino acid sequences for each sub-lineage differed in key GP5 sites related to host immunity, suggesting that sub-lineage turnover may be linked to immune-mediated competition. This has important implications for understanding drivers of genetic diversity and emergence of new PRRSV variants in the U.S.
- Subjects
UNITED States; PORCINE reproductive &; respiratory syndrome; GENETIC variation; AMINO acid sequence; SOCIAL dominance; ACTINOBACILLUS pleuropneumoniae
- Publication
Vaccines, 2021, Vol 9, Issue 6, p608
- ISSN
2076-393X
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.3390/vaccines9060608