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- Title
The co‐existence of multiple oak leaf flushes contributes to the large within‐tree variation in chemistry, insect attack and pathogen infection.
- Authors
Gaytán, Álvaro; Moreira, Xoaquín; Castagneyrol, Bastien; Van Halder, Inge; De Frenne, Pieter; Meeussen, Camille; Timmermans, Bart G. H.; Ten Hoopen, Jan P. J. G.; Rasmussen, Pil U.; Bos, Nick; Jaatinen, Raimo; Pulkkinen, Pertti; Söderlund, Sara; Covelo, Felisa; Gotthard, Karl; Tack, Ayco J. M.
- Abstract
Summary: Many plant species produce multiple leaf flushes during the growing season, which might have major consequences for within‐plant variation in chemistry and species interactions. Yet, we lack a theoretical or empirical framework for how differences among leaf flushes might shape variation in damage by insects and diseases.We assessed the impact of leaf flush identity on leaf chemistry, insect attack and pathogen infection on the pedunculate oak Quercus robur by sampling leaves from each leaf flush in 20 populations across seven European countries during an entire growing season.The first leaf flush had higher levels of primary compounds, and lower levels of secondary compounds, than the second flush, whereas plant chemistry was highly variable in the third flush. Insect attack decreased from the first to the third flush, whereas infection by oak powdery mildew was lowest on leaves from the first flush. The relationship between plant chemistry, insect attack and pathogen infection varied strongly among leaf flushes and seasons.Our findings demonstrate the importance of considering differences among leaf flushes for our understanding of within‐tree variation in chemistry, insect attack and disease levels, something particularly relevant given the expected increase in the number of leaf flushes with climate change.
- Subjects
INSECT pathogens; ENGLISH oak; BOTANICAL chemistry; INSECT diseases; POWDERY mildew diseases
- Publication
New Phytologist, 2022, Vol 235, Issue 4, p1615
- ISSN
0028-646X
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1111/nph.18209