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- Title
An Overview of the Factors Involved in Biofilm Production by the Enterococcus Genus.
- Authors
Șchiopu, Pavel; Toc, Dan Alexandru; Colosi, Ioana Alina; Costache, Carmen; Ruospo, Giuseppe; Berar, George; Gălbău, Ștefan-Gabriel; Ghilea, Alexandra Cristina; Botan, Alexandru; Pană, Adrian-Gabriel; Neculicioiu, Vlad Sever; Todea, Doina Adina
- Abstract
Enterococcus species are known for their ability to form biofilms, which contributes to their survival in extreme environments and involvement in persistent bacterial infections, especially in the case of multi-drug-resistant strains. This review aims to provide a comprehensive understanding of the mechanisms underlying biofilm formation in clinically important species such as Enterococcus faecalis and the less studied but increasingly multi-drug-resistant Enterococcus faecium, and explores potential strategies for their eradication. Biofilm formation in Enterococcus involves a complex interplay of genes and virulence factors, including gelatinase, cytolysin, Secreted antigen A, pili, microbial surface components that recognize adhesive matrix molecules (MSCRAMMs), and DNA release. Quorum sensing, a process of intercellular communication, mediated by peptide pheromones such as Cob, Ccf, and Cpd, plays a crucial role in coordinating biofilm development by targeting gene expression and regulation. Additionally, the regulation of extracellular DNA (eDNA) release has emerged as a fundamental component in biofilm formation. In E. faecalis, the autolysin N-acetylglucosaminidase and proteases such as gelatinase and serin protease are key players in this process, influencing biofilm development and virulence. Targeting eDNA may offer a promising avenue for intervention in biofilm-producing E. faecalis infections. Overall, gaining insights into the intricate mechanisms of biofilm formation in Enterococcus may provide directions for anti-biofilm therapeutic research, with the purpose of reducing the burden of Enterococcus-associated infections.
- Subjects
GENETIC regulation; ENTEROCOCCUS; BIOFILMS; QUORUM sensing; CELL communication
- Publication
International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 2023, Vol 24, Issue 14, p11577
- ISSN
1661-6596
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.3390/ijms241411577