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- Title
Benefits of Dominance over Additive Models for the Estimation of Average Effects in the Presence of Dominance.
- Authors
Duenk, Pascal; Calus, Mario P. L.; Wientjes, Yvonne C. J.; Bijma, Piter
- Abstract
In quantitative genetics, the average effect at a single locus can be estimated by an additive (A) model, or an additive plus dominance (AD) model. In the presence of dominance, the AD-model is expected to be more accurate, because the A-model falsely assumes that residuals are independent and identically distributed. Our objective was to investigate the accuracy of an estimated average effect (â) in the presence of dominance, using either a single locus A-model or AD-model. Estimation was based on a finite sample from a large population in Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (HWE), and the root mean squared error of â was calculated for several broad-sense heritabilities, sample sizes, and sizes of the dominance effect. Results show that with the A-model, both sampling deviations of genotype frequencies from HWE frequencies and sampling deviations of allele frequencies contributed to the error. With the AD-model, only sampling deviations of allele frequencies contributed to the error, provided that all three genotype classes were sampled. In the presence of dominance, the root mean squared error of â with the AD-model was always smaller than with the A-model, even when the heritability was less than one. Remarkably, in the absence of dominance, there was no disadvantage of fitting dominance. In conclusion, the AD-model yields more accurate estimates of average effects from a finite sample, because it is more robust against sampling deviations from HWE frequencies than the A-model. Genetic models that include dominance, therefore, yield higher accuracies of estimated average effects than purely additive models when dominance is present.
- Subjects
DOMINANCE (Genetics); GENE frequency; GENOTYPES
- Publication
G3: Genes | Genomes | Genetics, 2017, Vol 7, Issue 10, p3405
- ISSN
2160-1836
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1534/g3.117.300113