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- Title
Genetic Divergence and Connectivity among Gene Pools of Polyprion americanus.
- Authors
Presa, Pablo; Pita, Alfonso; Matusse, Nédia R.; Pérez, Montse
- Abstract
Simple Summary: The wreckfish Polyprion americanus is a long-living grouper distributed anti-tropically. Three regional gene pools have been described so far in this species, i.e., the Atlantic North, the Atlantic Southwest, and the Indo-Pacific Ocean. This study addresses the interspecific divergence within the genus Polyprion spp. as well as the intrapopulation structure of P. americanus from the Atlantic North, by analyzing mitochondrial DNA and nuclear DNA gene markers on a comprehensive sampling effort. A highly divergent gene pool from South Africa was conspicuously intermediate between P. americanus and P. oxygeneios, which suggests its putative hybrid origin between those species. The inclusion of the South Africa pool produced a very high nuclear DNA divergence among Polyprion spp. populations which contrasts with the large genetic homogeneity of the Atlantic North stock. Inferred significant migration rates suggest a longitudinal connectivity pattern which strengthens the bi-directional migratory hypothesis in the Atlantic North gene pool. Three regional gene pools of Polyprion americanus have been described so far, i.e., the North Atlantic, the Southwest Atlantic, and the Indo-Pacific Ocean. However, there is taxonomic uncertainty about the Southeast Atlantic population and there is suspicion on the existence of a third species of Polyprion in that area. Additionally, prior studies have shown a lack of genetic structuring in the Atlantic North. Nonetheless, a more conspicuous characterization of intensity, periodicity, and direction of migration are needed to properly understand the wreckfish connectivity pattern in the North Atlantic population. This study addresses the interspecific concerns highlighted above as well as the intrapopulation structure of P. americanus from the Atlantic North, using the mitochondrial DNA Cytochrome Oxidase I gene and nuclear DNA microsatellite markers on a comprehensive sampling effort. The highly divergent gene pool from South Africa was characterized by the specific Mitochondrial DNA PamCOI.Saf haplotype. Its molecular composition and phylogenetic status were conspicuously intermediate between P. americanus and P. oxygeneios, which suggests its putative hybrid origin between those species. Microsatellite variation exhibited a high differentiation (24%) among four putative Polyprion spp. gene pools which contrasts with the large genetic homogeneity within the Atlantic North stock (FSC = 0.002). The significant migration rates inferred upon Bayesian algorithms suggest a longitudinal bi-directional connectivity pattern which strengthens the migratory hypothesis previously suggested on demographic data in the Atlantic North gene pool.
- Subjects
SOUTH Africa; MICROSATELLITE repeats; NUCLEAR DNA; CYTOCHROME oxidase; MITOCHONDRIAL DNA; GENETIC markers; GENES; HAPLOTYPES
- Publication
Animals (2076-2615), 2023, Vol 13, Issue 2, p302
- ISSN
2076-2615
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.3390/ani13020302