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- Title
Post-stroke recrudescence—a possible connection to autoimmunity?
- Authors
Akamatsu, Yosuke; Chaitin, Hersh J.; Hanafy, Khalid A.
- Abstract
Early recanalization of the occluded vessel is the only efficient intervention that improves outcome after ischemic stroke. In contrast, interventions for chronic issues facing stroke patients are limited. Recent clinical and preclinical studies have shown a correlation between upregulated immune responses to brain antigens and post-stroke recrudescence (PSR), post-stroke fatigue (PSF), and dementia (PSD); all of which are associated with poor long-term stroke outcome. Recent retrospective studies have demonstrated a strong correlation between the onset of PSR and acute infection during acute stroke, suggesting some adaptive immune system mediated pathology. This review will discuss the mechanisms and epidemiology of PSR based on the current clinical and pre-clinical evidence. Accordingly, PSR does appear correlated with populations that are prone to autoimmunity, infection, and subsequent triggers, which corroborate autoimmune responses to self-brain antigens as an underlying mechanism. Moreover, PSR as well as PSF and PSD seem to be partly explained by the development of a neuro-inflammatory response to brain antigens. Therefore, the future of improving long-term stroke outcome could be bright with more accurate pre-clinical models focusing on the role of adaptive immune-mediated post stroke neuroinflammation and more clinical studies of PSR.
- Subjects
STROKE; AUTOIMMUNITY; ISCHEMIC stroke; IMMUNE system; ANIMAL models in research; IMMUNE response
- Publication
Reviews in the Neurosciences, 2022, Vol 33, Issue 2, p207
- ISSN
0334-1763
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1515/revneuro-2021-0062