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- Title
Human visceral adipose tissue and the plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1.
- Authors
Lindeman, J. H. N.; Pijl, H.; Toet, K.; Eilers, P. H. C.; van Ramshorst, B.; Buijs, M. M.; van Bockel, J. H.; Kooistra, T.
- Abstract
Objective:The objective of this study was to systematically evaluate the molecular basis of the association between visceral fat mass and plasma plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) levels in man.Design:A comprehensive approach comprising observational, in vitro, and human intervention studies.Measurements and results:We confirmed an exclusive relationship between visceral fat and plasma PAI-1 levels (r=0.79, P<0.001) and corroborated preferential PAI-1 release from adipose tissue explants. Yet, messenger RNA analysis and in vivo measurement of PAI-1 release from visceral fat (AV-differences over the omentum) not only excluded visceral adipose tissue as a relevant source of circulating PAI-1, but also excluded visceral fat as a significant source of proinflammatory mediators such as tumor necrosis factor-α, IL-1 or transforming growth factor-β that could induce PAI-1 expression in tissues other than visceral fat. Short-term interventions with acipimox and growth hormone (GH) as well as statistical evaluation excluded free fatty acids and GH as metabolic links. Further analysis of the metabolic data in a stepwise regression model indicated that plasma PAI-1 levels and visceral fat rather are co-correlates that both relate to impaired lipid handling.Conclusion:Our PAI-1 studies show that visceral fat mass and plasma PAI-1 levels are co-correlated rather than causatively related, with lipid load as common denominator.International Journal of Obesity (2007) 31, 1671–1679; doi:10.1038/sj.ijo.0803650; published online 1 May 2007
- Subjects
ADIPOSE tissues; PLASMINOGEN; PLASMINOGEN activators; RNA; TUMOR necrosis factors; SOMATOTROPIN
- Publication
International Journal of Obesity, 2007, Vol 31, Issue 11, p1671
- ISSN
0307-0565
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1038/sj.ijo.0803650