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- Title
Atmospheric sulfur cycling in the southeastern Pacific - longitudinal distribution, vertical profile, and diel variability observed during VOCALS-REx.
- Authors
Yang, M.; Huebert, B. J.; Blomquist, B. W.; Howell, S. G.; Shank, L. M.; McNaughton, C. S.; Clarke, A. D.; Hawkins, L. N.; Russell, L. M.; Covert, D. S.; Coffman, D. J.; Bates, T. S.; Quinn, P. K.; Zagorac, N.; Bandy, A. R.; de Szoeke, S. P.; Zuidema, P. D.; Tucker, S. C.; Brewer, W. A.; Benedict, K. B.
- Abstract
Dimethylsulfide (DMS) emitted from the ocean is a biogenic precursor gas for sulfur dioxide (SO2) and non-sea-salt sulfate aerosols (Due to image rights restrictions, multiple line equation(s) cannot be graphically displayed.). During the VAMOS-Ocean-Cloud-Atmosphere-Land Study Regional Experiment (VOCALS-REx) in 2008, multiple instrumented platform were deployed in the Southeastern Pacific (SEP) off the coast of Chile and Peru to study the linkage between aerosols and stratocumulus clouds. We present here observations from the NOAA Ship Ronald H. Brown and the NSF/NCAR C-130 aircraft along ~20°S from the coast (70° W) to a remote marine atmosphere (85° W). While Due to image rights restrictions, multiple line equation(s) cannot be graphically displayed. and SO2 concentrations were distinctly elevated above background levels in the coastal marine boundary layer (MBL) due to anthropogenic influence (~800 and 80 pptv, respectively), their concentrations rapidly decreased west of 78°W (~100 and 25pptv). In the remote region, entrainment from the free troposphere (FT) increased MBL SO2 burden at a rate of 0.05 ± 0.02 µmoles m-2 day-1 and diluted MBL Due to image rights restrictions, multiple line equation(s) cannot be graphically displayed. burden at a rate of 0.5 ± 0.3 µ moles m-2 day-1 , while the sea-to-air DMS flux (3.8 ± 0.4 µ moles m-2 day-1) remained the pre-dominant source of sulfur mass to the MBL. In-cloud oxidation was found to be the most important mechanism for SO2 removal and in situ Due to image rights restrictions, multiple line equation(s) cannot be graphically displayed. production. Surface Due to image rights restrictions, multiple line equation(s) cannot be graphically displayed. concentration in the remote MBL displayed pronounced diel variability, increasing rapidly in the first few hours after sunset and decaying for the rest of the day. We theorize that the increase in Due to image rights restrictions, multiple line equation(s) cannot be graphically displayed. was due to nighttime recoupling of the MBL that mixed down cloud-processed air, while decoupling and sporadic precipitation scavenging were responsible for the daytime decline in Due to image rights restrictions, multiple line equation(s) cannot be graphically displayed.
- Subjects
ATMOSPHERIC sulfur dioxide; BIOGEOCHEMICAL cycles; DIMETHYL sulfide; ATMOSPHERIC aerosols; ATMOSPHERIC boundary layer; TROPOSPHERE; METEOROLOGICAL precipitation
- Publication
Atmospheric Chemistry & Physics, 2011, Vol 11, Issue 10, p5079
- ISSN
1680-7316
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.5194/acp-11-5079-2011