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- Title
Multilocus Genotyping of Giardia duodenalis in Mostly Asymptomatic Indigenous People from the Tapirapé Tribe, Brazilian Amazon.
- Authors
Köster, Pamela Carolina; Malheiros, Antonio F.; Shaw, Jeffrey J.; Balasegaram, Sooria; Prendergast, Alexander; Lucaccioni, Héloïse; Moreira, Luciana Melhorança; Lemos, Larissa M. S.; Dashti, Alejandro; Bailo, Begoña; Marcili, Arlei; Sousa Soares, Herbert; Gennari, Solange Maria; Calero-Bernal, Rafael; González-Barrio, David; Carmena, David
- Abstract
Little information is available on the occurrence and genetic variability of the diarrhoea-causing enteric protozoan parasite Giardia duodenalis in indigenous communities in Brazil. This cross-sectional epidemiological survey describes the frequency, genotypes, and risk associations for this pathogen in Tapirapé people (Brazilian Amazon) at four sampling campaigns during 2008–2009. Microscopy was used as a screening test, and molecular (PCR and Sanger sequencing) assays targeting the small subunit ribosomal RNA, the glutamate dehydrogenase, the beta-giardin, and the triosephosphate isomerase genes as confirmatory/genotyping methods. Associations between G. duodenalis and sociodemographic and clinical variables were investigated using Chi-squared test and univariable/multivariable logistic regression models. Overall, 574 individuals belonging to six tribes participated in the study, with G. duodenalis prevalence rates varying from 13.5–21.7%. The infection was positively linked to younger age and tribe. Infected children <15 years old reported more frequent gastrointestinal symptoms compared to adults. Assemblage B accounted for three out of four G. duodenalis infections and showed a high genetic diversity. No association between assemblage and age or occurrence of diarrhoea was demonstrated. These data indicate that the most likely source of infection was anthropic and that different pathways (e.g., drinking water) may be involved in the transmission of the parasite.
- Subjects
BRAZIL; INDIGENOUS peoples; GENETIC variation; TRIOSE-phosphate isomerase; GIARDIA; GLUTAMATE dehydrogenase
- Publication
Pathogens, 2021, Vol 10, Issue 2, p206
- ISSN
2076-0817
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.3390/pathogens10020206