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- Title
Three-Year Analysis of Adjuvant Therapy in Postoperative Melanoma including Acral and Mucosal Subtypes.
- Authors
Muto, Yusuke; Kambayashi, Yumi; Kato, Hiroshi; Mizuhashi, Satoru; Ito, Takamichi; Maekawa, Takeo; Ishizuki, Shoichiro; Uchi, Hiroshi; Matsushita, Shigeto; Yamamoto, Yuki; Yoshino, Koji; Fujisawa, Yasuhiro; Amagai, Ryo; Ohuchi, Kentaro; Hashimoto, Akira; Fukushima, Satoshi; Asano, Yoshihide; Fujimura, Taku
- Abstract
Simple Summary: This study aimed to assess the 3-year time to relapse (TTR) and overall survival (OS) of melanoma, including acral and mucosal subtypes, treated with anti-PD-1 antibody (Ab) or the combination of dabrafenib and trametinib. The 3-year TTR of the acral and mucosal types was 28.1% and 38.5%, respectively. The acral subtype and TT were detected as important prognostic factors. In the 3-year OS, only tumor ulceration was associated with the OS in both univariate and multiple analyses. There was no significant difference in baseline or treatment-related factors of the mucosal type (p > 0.05). This study suggests that both acral and mucosal types in the adjuvant setting are less effective than non-acral cutaneous melanoma at the 3-year TTR. Background: Adjuvant therapy has improved the clinical prognosis for postoperative melanoma patients. However, the long-term efficacy of this therapy on the melanoma acral and mucosal subtypes has not been fully evaluated in previous trials. This study assessed the 3-year recurrence-free survival and overall survival of patients with melanoma, including the acral and mucosal subtypes, treated with anti-PD-1 antibody (Ab) or with the combination of the BRAF and MEK inhibitors dabrafenib and trametinib. Methods: We retrospectively analyzed both the 3-year time to relapse (TTR) and overall survival (OS) of 120 patients treated with anti-PD-1 antibody (Ab), or with the combination of dabrafenib and trametinib. Results: The overall median TTR was 18.4 months, with a range of 0.69 to 36 months. The 3-year TTR of the acral and mucosal types was 28.1% and 38.5%, respectively. Baseline tumor thickness (TT) and acral type were associated with the TTR in subgroup analysis. Moreover, we classified 104 acral and non-acral cutaneous patients into the anti-PD-1 Abs or dabrafenib plus trametinib combined therapies cohort in multiple analyses. The acral subtype and TT were detected as important prognostic factors. In the 3-year OS, only tumor ulceration was associated with the OS in both univariate and multiple analyses. There was no significant difference in baseline or treatment-related factors of the mucosal type (p > 0.05). Conclusion: This study suggests that adjuvant therapy is more effective with non-acral cutaneous melanoma than either the acral or mucosal types at the 3-year TTR endpoint.
- Subjects
THERAPEUTIC use of antineoplastic agents; MELANOMA prognosis; THERAPEUTIC use of monoclonal antibodies; PROTEIN kinase inhibitors; MELANOMA; CANCER relapse; IMMUNOTHERAPY; TREATMENT effectiveness; RETROSPECTIVE studies; DESCRIPTIVE statistics; ADJUVANT chemotherapy; IMMUNE checkpoint inhibitors; STATISTICS; OVERALL survival; DISEASE risk factors
- Publication
Cancers, 2024, Vol 16, Issue 15, p2755
- ISSN
2072-6694
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.3390/cancers16152755