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- Title
Decoding the Dynamics of Circulating Tumor DNA in Liquid Biopsies.
- Authors
Turabi, Khadija; Klute, Kelsey; Radhakrishnan, Prakash
- Abstract
Simple Summary: From detection to monitoring therapeutic response, circulating tumor DNA has emerged at the forefront of numerous clinical applications in oncology. It provides a non-invasive, real-time window into the evolving tumor as the cancer progresses. Advances in liquid biopsies and circulating tumor DNA analysis are enhancing their diagnostic applicability with tools like liposomal nanoparticles and antibody priming agents by binding to cell-free DNA in circulation and aiding in evading clearance mechanisms. The development of highly sensitive techniques such as digital droplet PCR and next-generation sequencing-based technologies has enabled the detection of minute ctDNA fractions amid high background, increasing its potential for early detection and minimal residual disease. Circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA), a fragment of tumor DNA found in the bloodstream, has emerged as a revolutionary tool in cancer management. This review delves into the biology of ctDNA, examining release mechanisms, including necrosis, apoptosis, and active secretion, all of which offer information about the state and nature of the tumor. Comprehensive DNA profiling has been enabled by methods such as whole genome sequencing and methylation analysis. The low abundance of the ctDNA fraction makes alternative techniques, such as digital PCR and targeted next-generation exome sequencing, more valuable and accurate for mutation profiling and detection. There are numerous clinical applications for ctDNA analysis, including non-invasive liquid biopsies for minimal residual disease monitoring to detect cancer recurrence, personalized medicine by mutation profiling for targeted therapy identification, early cancer detection, and real-time evaluation of therapeutic response. Integrating ctDNA analysis into routine clinical practice creates promising avenues for successful and personalized cancer care, from diagnosis to treatment and follow-up.
- Subjects
METHYLATION; NECROSIS; APOPTOSIS; POLYMERASE chain reaction; EARLY detection of cancer; DNA; BODY fluid examination; NUCLEIC acids; EXTRACELLULAR space; GENETIC mutation; GENOMES; SEQUENCE analysis; BLOOD
- Publication
Cancers, 2024, Vol 16, Issue 13, p2432
- ISSN
2072-6694
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.3390/cancers16132432