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- Title
The General Movement Optimality Score-Revised (GMOS-R) with Socioeconomically Stratified Percentile Ranks.
- Authors
Einspieler, Christa; Bos, Arend F.; Spittle, Alicia J.; Bertoncelli, Natascia; Burger, Marlette; Peyton, Colleen; Toldo, Moreno; Utsch, Fabiana; Zhang, Dajie; Marschik, Peter B.
- Abstract
Background: The general movement optimality score (GMOS) quantifies the details of general movements (GMs). We recently conducted psychometric analyses of the GMOS and developed a revised scoresheet. Consequently, the GMOS-Revised (GMOS-R) instrument necessitated validation using new percentile ranks. This study aimed to provide these percentile ranks for the GMOS-R and to investigate whether sex, preterm birth, or the infant's country of birth and residence affected the GMOS-R distribution. Methods: We applied the GMOS-R to an international sample of 1983 infants (32% female, 44% male, and 24% not disclosed), assessed in the extremely and very preterm period (10%), moderate (12%) and late (22%) preterm periods, at term (25%), and post-term age (31%). Data were grouped according to the World Bank's classification into lower- and upper-middle-income countries (LMICs and UMICs; 26%) or high-income countries (HICs; 74%), respectively. Results: We found that sex and preterm or term birth did not affect either GM classification or the GMOS-R, but the country of residence did. A lower median GMOS-R for infants with normal or poor-repertoire GMs from LMICs and UMICs compared with HICs suggests the use of specific percentile ranks for LMICs and UMICs vs. HICs. Conclusion: For clinical and scientific use, we provide a freely available GMOS-R scoring sheet, with percentile ranks reflecting socioeconomic stratification.
- Subjects
WORLD Bank; PERCENTILES; PREMATURE labor; HIGH-income countries; BANKING industry; PSYCHOMETRICS
- Publication
Journal of Clinical Medicine, 2024, Vol 13, Issue 8, p2260
- ISSN
2077-0383
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.3390/jcm13082260