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- Title
Involvement of the 14-3-3 Gene Family in Autism Spectrum Disorder and Schizophrenia: Genetics, Transcriptomics and Functional Analyses.
- Authors
Torrico, Bàrbara; Antón-Galindo, Ester; Fernàndez-Castillo, Noèlia; Rojo-Francàs, Eva; Ghorbani, Sadaf; Pineda-Cirera, Laura; Hervás, Amaia; Rueda, Isabel; Moreno, Estefanía; Fullerton, Janice M.; Casadó, Vicent; Buitelaar, Jan K.; Rommelse, Nanda; Franke, Barbara; Reif, Andreas; Chiocchetti, Andreas G.; Freitag, Christine; Kleppe, Rune; Haavik, Jan; Toma, Claudio
- Abstract
The 14-3-3 protein family are molecular chaperones involved in several biological functions and neurological diseases. We previously pinpointed YWHAZ (encoding 14-3-3ζ) as a candidate gene for autism spectrum disorder (ASD) through a whole-exome sequencing study, which identified a frameshift variant within the gene (c.659-660insT, p.L220Ffs*18). Here, we explored the contribution of the seven human 14-3-3 family members in ASD and other psychiatric disorders by investigating the: (i) functional impact of the 14-3-3ζ mutation p.L220Ffs*18 by assessing solubility, target binding and dimerization; (ii) contribution of common risk variants in 14-3-3 genes to ASD and additional psychiatric disorders; (iii) burden of rare variants in ASD and schizophrenia; and iv) 14-3-3 gene expression using ASD and schizophrenia transcriptomic data. We found that the mutant 14-3-3ζ protein had decreased solubility and lost its ability to form heterodimers and bind to its target tyrosine hydroxylase. Gene-based analyses using publicly available datasets revealed that common variants in YWHAE contribute to schizophrenia (p = 6.6 × 10−7), whereas ultra-rare variants were found enriched in ASD across the 14-3-3 genes (p = 0.017) and in schizophrenia for YWHAZ (meta-p = 0.017). Furthermore, expression of 14-3-3 genes was altered in post-mortem brains of ASD and schizophrenia patients. Our study supports a role for the 14-3-3 family in ASD and schizophrenia.
- Subjects
SCHIZOPHRENIA; AUTISM spectrum disorders; GENE families; FUNCTIONAL analysis; GENETICS
- Publication
Journal of Clinical Medicine, 2020, Vol 9, Issue 6, p1851
- ISSN
2077-0383
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.3390/jcm9061851