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- Title
Ozone‐Depleting Substances Unintendedly Emitted From Iron and Steel Industry: CFCs, HCFCs, Halons and Halogenated Very Short‐Lived Substances.
- Authors
Liu, Yuzhe; Weng, Wenbin; Zhang, Qi; Li, Qing; Xu, Jiaying; Zheng, Lixin; Su, Yi; Wu, Di; Yan, Weizhuo; Zhang, Jie; Chen, Jianmin; Yao, Bo
- Abstract
Ozone‐depleting substances (ODSs) are well known as primary emission from the production and consumption of traditional industrial sectors. Here, we reported the unintentional emission of ODSs from iron and steel plants as a new source, basing on real‐world measurements of flue gases emitted from their major processes. The sintering was found to be the major emission process of ODSs, including chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs), hydrochlorofluorocarbons (HCFCs), halons, methyl halide (CH3Cl), methyl chloroform, carbon tetrachloride, methyl bromide and halogenated very short‐lived substances. The median emission factors of CFC‐113, CFC‐115, HCFC‐22, and CH3Cl for typical sintering processes are 1.7, 0.7, 44.5 and 237.0 mg/t, respectively. Quantum chemical calculation figures out that the ODS species are mainly formed in the low efficiency combustion process of halogenated materials. Annual amounts of ODS and CFC‐11‐equivalent emissions were estimated to be 1,785 tons and 78 tons in 2019 over mainland China, respectively. Given these findings, this study provides a new prospective on searching for ODS emission sources, especially unintentional sources such as iron and steel industry and other combustion related activities. Plain Language Summary: Ozone‐depletion substances (ODSs) are halocarbons that can damage the ozone layer. Although the tropospheric chlorine has been continuously declined, some halogenated organic gaseous species are still found to be increasingly emitted. This study firstly reports the unintentional emission of ODSs from iron and steel plants via real‐world measurements. ODS emission from the sintering process shows larger ozone depleting effect than that from ironmaking and steelmaking processes. The halogen‐containing iron ore, coke and fluxing agent provide mineral halogens for the generation of halogenated compounds, while the high temperature of combustion atmosphere in the sinter machine benefits for the chemical combination of halogens and hydrocarbons. Current air pollution control devices cannot effectively remove ODSs. This study aims at attracting attention to the identification and control of unintentional ODS emission sources in the future. Key Points: CFCs, HCFCs and halons were observed to be unintendedly emitted from iron and steel industryThe total CFC‐11‐eq emission from iron and steel industry was 78 tons over mainland China in 2019Homogenous gas‐phase formation routes of ODS species in flue gas were proposed and calculated
- Subjects
FLUE gas desulfurization; IRON industry; AIR pollution control; TRICHLOROETHANE; STEEL industry
- Publication
Journal of Geophysical Research. Atmospheres, 2024, Vol 129, Issue 17, p1
- ISSN
2169-897X
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1029/2024JD041035