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- Title
Imperceptible digital watermarking scheme in multiple transform domains.
- Authors
Zhou, Nan Run; Hou, Wei Ming Xia; Wen, Ru Hong; Zou, Wei Ping
- Abstract
A novel imperceptible digital watermarking scheme in multiple transform domains is presented, where the cover image is dealt with by discrete wavelet transform (DWT), discrete cosine transform (DCT) and discrete fractional random transform (DFRNT), while the watermark image is scrambled by Arnold transform and logistic map. First the watermark is scrambled by the Arnold transform, then the row and the column of the resulting watermark are scrambled by the Logistic map, respectively. In addition, four sub-band images are generated from the host image by the two-dimensional discrete wavelet transform. The low-frequency sub-band images are divided into 8 × 8 small matrices, and a coefficient matrix is produced by performing the discrete cosine transform on each matrix. An intermediate matrix with the same size as the watermark image is constructed by the intermediate frequency coefficients. Then the discrete fractional random transformation is performed on the intermediate frequency coefficient matrix and the scrambled watermark is embedded into the discrete fractional random transformation domain. Compared with the previous schemes, the proposed digital watermarking scheme has stronger imperceptibility and robustness.
- Subjects
DISCRETE wavelet transforms; DISCRETE cosine transforms; DIGITAL image watermarking; SCRAMBLING systems (Telecommunication); HISTOGRAMS
- Publication
Multimedia Tools & Applications, 2018, Vol 77, Issue 23, p30251
- ISSN
1380-7501
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1007/s11042-018-6128-9