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- Title
The Oral Histone Deacetylase Inhibitor ITF2357 Reduces Cytokines and Protects Islet β Cells In Vivo and In Vitro.
- Authors
Lewis, Eli C.; Blaabjerg, Lykke; Størling, Joachim; Ronn, Sif G.; Mascagni, Paolo; Dinarello, Charles A.; Mandrup-Poulsen, Thomas
- Abstract
In type 1 diabetes, inflammatory and immunocompetent cells enter the islet and produce proinflammatory cytokines such as interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-12, tumor necrosis factor-α (TNFα) and interferon-γ (IFNγ); each contribute to β-cell destruction, mediated in part by nitric oxide. Inhibitors of histone deacetylases (HDAC) are used commonly in humans but also possess antiinflammatory and cytokine-suppressing properties. Here we show that oral administration of the HDAC inhibitor ITF2357 to mice normalized streptozotocin (STZ)-induced hyperglycemia at the clinically relevant doses of 1.25-2.5 mg/kg. Serum nitrite levels returned to nondiabetic values, islet function improved and glucose clearance increased from 14% (STZ) to 50% (STZ + ITF2357). In vitro, at 25 and 250 nmol/L, ITF2357 increased islet cell viability, enhanced insulin secretion, inhibited MIP-1α and MIP-2 release, reduced nitric oxide production and decreased apoptosis rates from 14.3% (vehicle) to 2.6% (ITF2357). Inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) levels decreased in association with reduced islet-derived nitrite levels. In peritoneal macrophages and splenocytes, ITF2357 inhibited the production of nitrite, as well as that of TNFα and IFNγ at an IC50 of 25-50 nmol/L. In the insulin-producing INS cells challenged with the combination of IL-1β plus IFNγ, apoptosis was reduced by 50% (P < 0.01). Thus at clinically relevant doses, the orally active HDAC inhibitor ITF2357 favors β-cell survival during inflammatory conditions.
- Subjects
DIABETES; HISTONE deacetylase; CYTOKINES; IMMUNOCOMPETENT cells; INTERLEUKINS; TUMOR necrosis factors
- Publication
Molecular Medicine, 2011, Vol 17, Issue 5/6, p369
- ISSN
1076-1551
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.2119/molmed.2010.00152