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- Title
Oxidative and nitrosative modifications of biliverdin reductase-A in the brain of subjects with Alzheimer's disease and amnestic mild cognitive impairment.
- Authors
Barone E; Di Domenico F; Cenini G; Sultana R; Coccia R; Preziosi P; Perluigi M; Mancuso C; Butterfield DA; Barone, Eugenio; Di Domenico, Fabio; Cenini, Giovanna; Sultana, Rukhsana; Coccia, Raffaella; Preziosi, Paolo; Perluigi, Marzia; Mancuso, Cesare; Butterfield, D Allan
- Abstract
Biliverdin reductase-A (BVR-A) is a pleiotropic enzyme and plays pivotal role in the antioxidant defense against free radicals as well as in cell homeostasis. Together with heme oxygenase, BVR-A forms a powerful system involved in the cell stress response during neurodegenerative disorders including Alzheimer's disease (AD), whereas due to the serine/threonine/tyrosine kinase activity the enzyme regulates glucose metabolism and cell proliferation. In this paper, we report results that demonstrate BVR-A undergoes post-translational oxidative and nitrosative modifications in the hippocampus, but not cerebellum, of subjects with AD and amnestic mild cognitive impairment (MCI). A significant increase of nitrated BVR-A was demonstrated only in AD and MCI hippocampi, whereas no significant modifications were found in cerebellar tissue. In addition, a significant reduction in protein carbonyl-derivatives of BVR-A was found in both AD and MCI hippocampi (15% and 18%, respectively). Biliverdin reductase-bound 4-hydroxynonenals were not modified in hippocampi and cerebella from AD and MCI subjects. These results supported the hypothesis of a prevalence of nitrosative stress-induced modifications on BVR-A structure, and this evidence was confirmed by a significant upregulation of inducible nitric oxide synthase in hippocampal tissue of subjects with AD and MCI that was not present in cerebellum. In conclusion, nitrosative stress-induced modifications on hippocampal BVR-A are an early event in the pathogenesis of AD since they appear also in MCI subjects and could contribute to the antioxidant and metabolic derangement characteristic of these neurodegenerative disorders.
- Subjects
BRAIN metabolism; TYROSINE metabolism; ALDEHYDES; ALZHEIMER'S disease; BRAIN; CEREBELLUM; COGNITION disorders; HIPPOCAMPUS (Brain); HOMEOSTASIS; OXIDOREDUCTASES; RESEARCH funding; TYROSINE; WESTERN immunoblotting; OXIDATIVE stress; REACTIVE nitrogen species; PRECIPITIN tests
- Publication
Journal of Alzheimer's Disease, 2011, Vol 23, Issue 1, p623
- ISSN
1387-2877
- Publication type
journal article
- DOI
10.3233/JAD-2011-110092