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- Title
Efficacy of low‐ and very‐low‐energy diets in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus: A systematic review and meta‐analysis of interventional studies.
- Authors
Kloecker, David E.; Zaccardi, Francesco; Baldry, Emma; Davies, Melanie J.; Webb, David R.; Khunti, Kamlesh
- Abstract
Aims: To review systematically and quantify the weight loss achieved through low‐ (LEDs) and very‐low‐energy diets (VLEDs) in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Materials and methods: Studies reporting the effects of diet‐only interventions of up to 1600 kcal/d in people with T2DM were searched in MEDLINE, EMBASE and CINAHL up to July 2018. Changes in the primary (body weight and body mass index [BMI]) and secondary outcomes (glycated haemoglobin, blood lipids) according to energy restriction and duration of diet were modelled using restricted cubic splines. Results: Forty‐four studies (3817 participants) were included. The overall quality of the evidence was moderate and limited to short‐term interventions up to 4 months. Baseline mean weight and BMI were 92.1 kg and 36.6 kg/m2. VLEDs of 400 kcal/d led to 5.4% weight loss at 2 weeks, increasing to 17.9% at 3 months. More modest reductions of 7.3% were observed on LEDs of 1200 kcal/d and 2.0% on 1600 kcal/d after 3 months. No clear patterns emerged for secondary outcomes. Publication bias was significant for primary outcomes. Conclusions: Through modelling, we were able to describe effective dietary deficit strategies to achieve weight reduction up to 4 months in people with T2DM. High‐quality studies are required to further support clinical practice with evidence‐based dietary interventions.
- Subjects
TYPE 2 diabetes; META-analysis; BODY weight; WEIGHT loss; BODY mass index; BLOOD lipids
- Publication
Diabetes, Obesity & Metabolism, 2019, Vol 21, Issue 7, p1695
- ISSN
1462-8902
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1111/dom.13727