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- Title
Angiotensin-converting enzyme insertion/deletion polymorphism, 24-h blood pressure profile and left ventricular hypertrophy in hypertensive individuals: a cross-sectional study.
- Authors
Cosenso-Martin, Luciana Neves; Vaz-de-Melo, Renan Oliveira; Pereira, Luana Rocco; Cesarino, Cláudia Bernardi; Yugar-Toledo, Juan Carlos; Cipullo, José Paulo; de Souza Pinhel, Marcela Augusta; Silva Souza, Dorotéia Rossi; Vilela-Martin, José Fernando
- Abstract
Background: The absence of nocturnal blood pressure dipping (ND) identified by 24-h ambulatory blood pressure monitoring (ABPM) correlates with a worse cardiovascular prognosis. The renin-angiotensin system influences blood pressure levels and the occurrence of target organ damage (TOD). Thus, the aim of this study was to correlate the angiotensin-converting enzyme gene (ACE) insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism with the 24-h blood pressure profile and TOD in hypertensive individuals. Methods: 155 non-diabetic hypertensive individuals on antihypertensive treatment underwent ABPM. Peripheral blood samples were drawn for biochemistry and genetic analysis of the ACE I/D polymorphism by polymerase chain reaction. ND was defined as ≥10 % differences in the mean systolic blood pressure (BP) during wakefulness and sleep. Results: There were no differences in clinical or biochemical variables or TOD in respect to ND status, except for higher BP levels during sleep (p < 0.001) in non-dippers. There was significant difference in the prevalence of left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) between ACE genotypes (II: 13.0 %; ID: 34.1 %; DD: 46.5 %; p value = 0.024) with an increased risk in carriers of the DD genotype (OR = 5.80; IC 95 % 1.50-22.44; p value = 0.011). Carriers of the D allele had higher systolic BP during wakefulness and by ABPM (p < 0.05), higher left ventricular mass (117.3 ± 50.0 vs. 100.3 ± 25.7; p value = 0.017) and higher prevalence of LVH (37.4 vs. 12.5 %; OR = 4.14; 95 % IC: 1.17-14.65; p value = 0.028), compared to the II genotype. Conclusions: The DD genotype is associated with a higher prevalence of LVH. The presence of the D allele appears to be associated with higher mean 24-h and wake systolic BP measured by ABPM in hypertensive patients under antihypertensive treatment.
- Subjects
ANGIOTENSIN converting enzyme; LEFT ventricular hypertrophy; PATIENTS; HYPERTENSION
- Publication
European Journal of Medical Research, 2015, Vol 20, Issue 1, p1
- ISSN
0949-2321
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1186/s40001-015-0166-9