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- Title
Foraging behavior and energetics of Great Egrets and Snowy Egrets at interior rivers and weirs.
- Authors
Maccarone, Alan D.; Brzorad, John N.
- Abstract
Wading birds may use different foraging methods and prey capture techniques in particular habitats or under specific conditions. We measured foraging behavior and its energetic costs for Great Egrets ( Ardea alba) and Snowy Egrets ( Egretta thula) at two weirs (small overflow dams that raise water levels in a stream or river) and in two naturally flowing rivers in Kansas in May and June 2000 and 2005. We observed 99 randomly selected birds (38 Great Egrets and 61 Snowy Egrets) for 1513 min, and noted strike rate, prey capture rate, capture efficiency, prey size, and social interactions. In addition, 30 of these birds were observed for 504 min to estimate ambulation velocities and foraging energetics. Both species had higher strike rates and prey capture rates in rivers, but caught larger fish at weirs. Capture efficiency was higher for Snowy Egrets at weirs, but did not differ between microhabitats for Great Egrets. Snowy Egrets had higher rates of conspecific aggression at weirs than in rivers, but little aggression was documented for Great Egrets. Established algorithms suggest that, while foraging in rivers, Snowy Egrets had similar costs for changes in velocity. Changes in ambulation velocity for Great Egrets were greater at weirs than rivers. For both species, the percentage of time spent standing was twice as high at weirs as in rivers. Both species also used low-cost foraging strategies at weirs that yielded larger fish, so net energetic gains at weirs were higher than in rivers. Weirs appear to be more important to Snowy Egrets than to Great Egrets. Estimates of energy gains and expenses provide valuable predictive power for understanding egret behavior.
- Subjects
KANSAS; FORAGING behavior; HERONS; SURVIVAL behavior (Animals); RIVERS; PREDATION; FISHES
- Publication
Journal of Field Ornithology, 2007, Vol 78, Issue 4, p411
- ISSN
0273-8570
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.1111/j.1557-9263.2007.00133.x