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- Title
Anorexigenic Effects of Intermittent Hypoxia on the Gut—Brain Axis in Sleep Apnea Syndrome.
- Authors
Shobatake, Ryogo; Ota, Hiroyo; Takahashi, Nobuyuki; Ueno, Satoshi; Sugie, Kazuma; Takasawa, Shin
- Abstract
Sleep apnea syndrome (SAS) is a breathing disorder characterized by recurrent episodes of upper-airway collapse, resulting in intermittent hypoxia (IH) during sleep. Experimental studies with animals and cellular models have indicated that IH leads to attenuation of glucose-induced insulin secretion from pancreatic β cells and to enhancement of insulin resistance in peripheral tissues and cells, such as the liver (hepatocytes), adipose tissue (adipocytes), and skeletal muscles (myocytes), both of which could lead to obesity. Although obesity is widely recognized as a major factor in SAS, it is controversial whether the development of SAS could contribute directly to obesity, and the effect of IH on the expression of appetite regulatory genes remains elusive. Appetite is regulated appropriately by both the hypothalamus and the gut as a gut–brain axis driven by differential neural and hormonal signals. In this review, we summarized the recent epidemiological findings on the relationship between SAS and feeding behavior and focused on the anorexigenic effects of IH on the gut–brain axis by the IH-induced up-regulation of proopiomelanocortin and cocaine- and amphetamine-regulated transcript in neuronal cells and the IH-induced up-regulation of peptide YY, glucagon-like peptide-1 and neurotensin in enteroendocrine cells and their molecular mechanisms.
- Subjects
ADIPOSE tissues; SLEEP apnea syndromes; ENTEROENDOCRINE cells; PANCREATIC beta cells; HYPOXEMIA; REGULATOR genes; PEPTIDES; INSULIN resistance
- Publication
International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 2022, Vol 23, Issue 1, p364
- ISSN
1661-6596
- Publication type
Article
- DOI
10.3390/ijms23010364